Physiognomy is defined. Now let's move on to the parts of the face




Physiognomy of the face, as a science, originated in ancient China, but to this day it is developing and in demand all over the world. It is on the face of a person that Chinese masters are sure that you can read complete information, find out the nature and characteristics of behavior. What a person is thinking about at the moment - emotions, facial expressions will tell, but, of course, only specialists can recognize and correctly interpret all the data.

Specialists in individual facial features can read not only historical information, the real inner world, temperament and character of the human person. Physiognomy is often practiced by criminologists, psychics, civil servants in order to recognize what kind of person: immoral or, conversely, kind, peaceful, polite.

According to Timati More, as one of the masters of physiognomy, the face is a reflection of the past, present and future of a person.

By the shape of the face, you can learn about the character, inner world and even the thoughts of a person:

We recognize the character in the eyes

The eyes are a reflection of the soul and can tell about the personal qualities and character traits of a person. And here are the examples:

Equally important is the color of the eyes, which determines the character:

  • dark brown- impulsiveness;
  • light brown- prudence;
  • gray- a sign of curiosity;
  • blue- commitment to beauty, complaisance;
  • blue (as a rare color)- inconsistency, purposefulness;
  • grey-blue- kindness and responsiveness in character, but excessive vulnerability of nature;
  • green-eyed- fidelity, kindness, harmony in relationships;
  • grey-green- energy, purposefulness.

The color of the iris allows you to identify a person's life position and strength of mind.

Identification of character in other areas on the face

According to experts, few people have an ideal face shape, if you look at the photos and pictures.

You can identify character traits not only by the eyes:

  1. Nostrils with excessive protrusion - a sign of licentiousness, self-will, incontinence.
  2. The thinness of the lips indicates indecision in character.
  3. Ears are able to indicate the level of intelligence of a person. When located above the level of the eyebrows - high intelligence, when staying at eye level - medium. If the ears are shapeless and pale, then this is a sign of unreliability.
  4. Forehead. In the presence of a round and high - a sign of pride and generosity, round and large - courage, but a tendency to lie, elongated - cruelty, tyranny.
  5. The chin is wide - a strong-willed nature, not prone to violence, depression. Square - for mercantile and obsessed with material goods people, an outstanding one with a rounded shape is inherent in more sensitive, smart and at the same time cunning, dodgy people.

Physiognomy requires a long study. This is a science that can reveal the character of a person by facial features on the basis of all factors in the aggregate.

Looking in profile

Visually, the face can be divided into 3 zones: upper, middle and lower. Each of the zones can indicate signs in which, to one degree or another, the emotional component is reflected.

If the person has:

  • bulge, then this is a sign of irritability, difficulty concentrating on any particular object. But man is practical, inclined to get to the bottom of things;
  • concavity, then we can say about thoughtfulness and restraint, but excessive isolation, gloom. Although there is a good memory, deep and common sense.

It is difficult to meet people with balanced and proportional at once 3 zones on the face.

If well developed:

  • the upper zone (the area from the eyebrows to the hairline), then the person is intellectual. If a high forehead and an elongated middle zone, then it is noble, but arrogant;
  • the middle zone appreciates spiritual qualities and is likely to be a long-liver;
  • the lower zone (from the bottom of the chin to the base of the upper lip), then the person is most likely successful and prosperous.

Physiognomy of the face and character are often similar. Looking at a person, you can find out what feelings, emotions, experiences he experiences. Each zone on the face can carry additional information. If you master this technique, then by the shape of the face, the color of the eyes, the outlines of the lips and wrinkles, it is quite possible to create an integral image, a complete visual picture of the character of a person.

Facial features and psychology

We determine the character of a person by facial features

It is believed that a person's face reflects the three worlds. The forehead refers to the divine world. The physical world is represented by the nose and eyes, and the material world is represented by the mouth, jaws and chin. You can determine the character of a person by facial features, because the psychology of a person is inside, and facial features and behavior are outside. Our faces are usually asymmetrical. The right side in men indicates happy events, the other - failures. For women, it's the other way around. Now we will figure out what the individual features of the human face are responsible for - lips, brows, eyes, forehead, ears And chin.

Social facial feature - forehead

The high upper part indicates the ability to lead. But this is only an opportunity, and in order to judge how it will actually be, you need to look at the nose and chin, because without the perseverance and will of the leader it will not work. If the forehead is divided into upper and lower parts, then we can talk about elitism, opposing yourself and your chosen society to other people.

Straight, quadrangular forehead indicates generosity.

The forehead is steep, bulging in the middle, expresses a high, serious mind. However, the forehead is too prominent Rather, it is inherent in nature, narrow-minded, worldly practical.

Sloping with strong brow ridges suggests that the highest authority for such a person is himself. A man with a sloping forehead is a bit of an anarchist, hardly submits to someone else's will. This conclusion is confirmed by the deepening between the forehead and nose. If it is not there, then we can talk about internal discipline. Strong brows indicate a certain laxity. A round forehead indicates complaisance, such people find a common language with everyone.

Forehead shape can be judged on the elements of man. Recall that creativity is associated with fire, practicality with earth, the ability to perceive and communicate with air, and inner plasticity, the world of human feelings with water. Representatives of the air element usually have a round forehead, fiery signs are distinguished by bald patches with a cape in the middle. A square or widening forehead is characteristic of earth signs, while in water signs the forehead is narrowed, and its border with the roots of the hair is uneven. Thus, the element can be recognized not only by the shape of the forehead, but also by its border with the hair. People of fiery signs, especially those with a strong Jupiter and the Sun in the horoscope, are prone to baldness; their hair is usually coarse, wavy, with a red tinge. Earth signs have coarse, straight hair. If they are curly and soft, then this is water, representatives of the air element have soft and silky hair.

  1. The forehead is low with a zigzag border of hair - the nature is energetic, cruel.
  2. The forehead, wide and convex in the corners, is a rich imagination, intelligence.
  3. The shape resembles a crescent - narrow-minded, conservative nature.
  4. Narrow, low, leaning back - nature is petty and cunning, deceitful, selfish.
  5. Too convex forehead - mundane, narrow-minded nature.
  6. A straight forehead characterizes a kind, generous person.
  7. The middle of the forehead, nose, chin represent the main features of their world. At the same time, the nose, eyes and ears are in the service of the mind.

Facial Guard - Eyebrows

Brows is a barrier between the land of the brain and the land of the senses. Straight horizontal lines indicate courage and wisdom. However, such features still require a certain independence and criticality in judgments, which is expressed in a clear shape of the edge of the eyebrows from the side of the temples.

Energetic facial feature - nose

Nose. It is used to judge the energy of a person and where he directs it. It's not about size. The nose can be big, and the person can be uninitiated. Conversely, a small nose with a strong and wide base speaks of inner strength, perseverance.

I. K. Lavater, a Swiss writer, preferred noses with a wide base, paying particular attention to their shape. In the hump at the base, he saw a sign of an imperative firm character, while the depression in this place indicates weakness, timidity. A hump is a sign of aggressiveness, a little ill will, unless, of course, other parts of the face contradict this. Such noses as "Roman", "eagle" are inherent in entire peoples, and, for example, the history of Ancient Rome gives rise to reflection on this topic.

However, a small hump in combination with other signs may also indicate the poetry of nature. The left wing of the nose is dedicated to Venus, the right - to Mars, that is, they get along side by side love and hate. Occultists say on this occasion that love and anger flare the nostrils alike.

  1. Large, straight nose - pride, calmness, energy, creativity.
  2. Eagle - ambition, dominance.
  3. Hawk, pointed at the end - endurance.
  4. The continuation of the forehead is vanity.
  5. Long - dishonesty.
  6. Inclined to the mouth - sensuality, irascibility.
  7. Recessed at the base, at the end thin and upturned, like an old woman's Shapoklyak, stubbornness, envy, curiosity, hypocrisy.
  8. Snub-nosed - carelessness, frivolity, willfulness.
  9. A thick and fleshy nose indicates a lover of a feast, and if it is excessive, it also gives out this quality in a purple color.

Beautiful facial feature - eyes

Eyes. The most beautiful human trait. The right eye in men is associated with the Sun, the left - with the Moon. For women, the opposite is true. Their comparison helps to draw conclusions about the feminine and masculine qualities in a person, active and passive.

The eyes reflect the spiritual side of a person; it is not for nothing that they say that this is a mirror of the soul. To look into it, you need to compare the positive eye (men's right, women's left) with the negative. If the positive one is more developed, then the person is capable of altruism, self-giving. Physiognomists prefer lively and transparent eyes, believing that black and shiny ones characterize the cunning and mercenary. This is due to the fact that sometimes Saturn distorts the influence of the Moon, and then the eye is called evil.

Perfect eye shape considered antique - oval, reflecting the harmony of the spirit. Deep-set eyes usually belong to slow in the manifestation of their inner essence, but deep natures. Recall Grigory Rasputin, a favorite of the royal family: deep-set eyes, the lower eyelid is larger than the upper one (that is, he gave more than he took), a strong nose.

Closely spaced eyes mean that their owner has a blurred line between good and evil, unlike a person with wide-set eyes, for whom such a problem does not exist. But this does not mean that the latter often serve good, but only that they know well what they serve.

The eyes are large, round, somewhat protruding (they say “bulging”), the eyelashes are short, the eyebrow is high above the eye, the hairs are bristling. An irritable, quick-tempered person, but in moments of good mood he is cheerful and sentimental.

The eyelids often narrow, which gives the impression of myopia. The pupil with a sharp look, the eyelashes are short, thick. The eyebrow is raised to the temple. The nature is observant, not stupid, cunning, with great restraint and unlimited egoism.

The eyes are narrow, the upper eyelid is half-drooped, the eyebrow is in a regular arch, the eyelashes are sparse. This characterizes a person who is impassive, but insightful, incorruptible and fair to the point of cruelty.

Sleepy eyes, as if in swollen eyelids, thick and long eyebrows - the nature is soft, rather passive and lazy.

Widely open, an eyebrow with a break in the middle, eyelashes bent upward - the nature is energetic, independent, domineering and truthful to the point.

Small eyes covered with heavy eyelids - nature is petty-cunning and practical, kindness is more prudent than sincere.

Strong facial feature - cheekbones

cheekbones show how the spirit reflected in the eyes expresses itself in life. They are controlled by Mercury, and they are used to judge a person's contact, ability to absorb and transmit information. Therefore, some eastern nations with pronounced cheekbones unite perfectly. Such qualities as cunning, liveliness, opportunism are also associated with the cheekbones. Therefore, ancient treatises recommend avoiding people in whom the corners of the eyes are lowered down, and the cheekbones are strongly pronounced with an undeveloped frontal part. Bulging cheekbones are a sign of selfishness and, often, anger. , you will determine the character of a person, knowing what his facial features say.

Ears and cheeks

Cheeks. Thin and sunken - a sign of spiritual poverty. However, there is also little good in fleshy ones, they give out excessive sensuality.

Ears. In shape, the ear resembles a human embryo, and physiognomists see there is a deep meaning in this face. So, in ancient times, a drooping lobe was considered as an indicator of the freedom of the human spirit. The stronger it adheres to the body, the more it is constrained and dependent. It is believed that those who have no lobes are envious and vengeful. A Buddha statue, for example, has huge earlobes; and in some African tribes they are even specially delayed, seeing in this a magical rite of giving a person stamina and independence.

The upper part of the ear shows the ability to adapt and perceive. If it is strongly attached to the head, then such a person is usually slow-witted, it is not easy for him to learn new things, but if he learns something, then for a long time. The lagging tops of the ears are an indicator of a quick reaction, good perception. Not without reason, Mercury, the god of trade, was usually portrayed as lop-eared. Moreover, the border between deceit and commerce runs ... along the earlobe. If it sags, then the person has enough spirituality, if not, then in financial matters it is better to stay away from him.

A large auricle testifies to "magnetic power" or, as they now say, psychic abilities. In combination with great power, as, for example, in the same Rasputin, this can be an indicator of a strong impact on others. But this does not mean that by making yourself such a facial feature, you will acquire these abilities. But this face help you understand psychology man and look with one eye into his inner world, highlight its character.

But a “good” earlobe on the right (in men) ear, which indicates spirituality, mental abilities, on the left can turn into selfishness and vanity. Such cruel people as, for example, Hitler and Stalin, had well-defined drooping earlobes, but the left ear was comparatively larger than the right. Physiognomists see in this the predominance of negative qualities.

  1. Large ears with well-defined shells indicate the giftedness of their owner, including good musical abilities.
  2. Pointed up - moderation, reason.
  3. Small ones are characteristic of sensual people, fleshy - for gloomy and cruel.
  4. Protruding, large - cunning, stupidity.
  5. Pressed - caution, composure, hypocrisy.

Mouth and lips are sensual features

Mouth associated with eloquence and love and is dedicated to Mercury. If the upper lip protrudes forward, then this is a sign of good nature. Thin lips and a small mouth indicate a love of order and precision. And if the lips are compressed - and about selfishness.

Physiognomists believe that a man's upper lip should be slightly larger than the lower, thereby reflecting his masculinity. If the lips are proportional, equally convex and regular in shape, then they express an honest, firm character, prone to reflection. Thick lips, especially the lower one, speak of gluttony, sensuality, laziness.

“Look at the forehead of a person - you will find out who he will become; look at the mouth - you will understand what it has become, ”says a Chinese proverb.

Properly rounded, plump lips - kindness, cordiality, openness, cheerfulness.

Subtle - cunning, selfishness, sarcasm, cruelty.

Thick - sensuality, a tendency to base instincts.

"Children's" - gullibility, frankness.

Nose - mouth (Mars - Mercury). This pair is used to judge the distribution of a person’s energy, his taste, his ability to love. A nose with a hump in the middle speaks of an energetic, assertive nature, and if we add strong, well-defined nostrils to this, we will get evidence of courage and composure. The strong-willed mouth, harmonious with this character, is elongated in the form of a straight line, and the dimensions of the lips are the same.

A strong, arched nose, prominent cheekbones and wide jaws express ambition, pride, selfishness.

The upper lip indicates sensuality, the presence of taste, as well as higher abilities; the lower one - on the propensity for pleasures, pleasures. Pay attention to the faces of the Roman patricians during the decline of the empire: an impressive nose and drooping lower lip. In other words, extraordinary energy, going to low goals. Here is your confirmation conformity of a person's character by facial features.

The indefatigable Italian Casanova, who became famous for his love adventures two hundred years ago, also had a “Roman” nose with sharp nostrils, the lower lip was larger than the upper one. Fixed corners of the mouth indicate a desire to insist on your own at any cost. Nuns, on the contrary, often have a small pursed mouth.

Chin - a feature of the inner core

Chin - a symbol of endurance, endurance. He is patronized by Saturn, representing, as it were, the inner foundation of a person, his ability for self-affirmation, solidity. Such qualities as resilience, survival in extreme situations, are determined by the chin.

A long and wide chin means composure, prudence, and a convex and round one means practicality. Pointed - characteristic of cunning, hidden natures. Both, according to Lavater, are a consequence of weakness, because distrust of others is due to self-doubt. If such a chin protrudes forward, then the person will slowly and stubbornly go towards the goal.

The pit on the chin and its bifurcation is an indicator of stubbornness, conceit, secrecy. A soft fleshy, and even a two-story chin betrays sensual people, but, on the contrary, bony and dry to the face of people withered by the passions of ambition or greed. In those who are too prone to any "fiery passion", sometimes reaching fanaticism, the central part of the chin is marked by a tubercle. If it is slightly shifted to the negative side, then this may indicate an alcoholic, or a person subject to some kind of mania.

The chin is considered harmonious if in profile it is at the level of the lower lip. A good man's chin is round, moderately convex and betrays a practicality that is under the control of the mind.

  1. Protruding chin - energy, willpower, independence, nobility, but also stubbornness, cruelty.
  2. A cut chin is a soft, indecisive nature.
  3. Meaty - mind, sensuality, selfishness.
  4. Long and sharp - penetrating mind, sarcasm.
  5. Forked - inconstancy,.

Nose - chin . This couple ( Mars-Saturn) testifies to the resilience of a person. If the chin is not developed with a strong nose, then the person may be energetic, but the energy will not last long. If, with a strong-willed massive chin, an inexpressive nose, then this can only turn into stubbornness. A cut chin indicates a lack of endurance, and even good energy is only enough for short impulses. In combination with a strong nose, this can turn into a stream of words and a lack of deeds. Let us recall the profile of the ancient Roman emperor Vespasian: a hooked nose and a developed, powerful chin. This man knew what he wanted and knew how to achieve his goal.

  1. Wide jaws express greed, driven by instincts. In combination with a flattened skull and a strong nose, they do not bode well.
  2. We may be reproached that our portrait gallery is dominated by monsters or villains. Where are the normal nice people?
  3. Where everything is harmonious, everything is in moderation. We deliberately sharpen the characteristic features, bring them to extremes for the sake of clarity.

Having studied facial features and understanding how it is connected with the character and psychology of a person, you will be able to understand people with a greater degree of confidence. Stay on an interesting site of useful tips and - http: // site

The science of physiognomy is as old as the world. We can say that it began to form intuitively. Have you ever wondered why, for no apparent reason, we like one person, we dislike another, and the third does not cause any emotions at all?

Now imagine that on a subconscious level, your brain analyzes information, in a few seconds represents the character of a person and sends a signal of sympathy or antipathy. That is why we either strive to win someone's favor, or intuitively avoid meeting.

This and much more is covered in this book. You will learn that the eyes are not just a mirror of the soul, and deep wrinkles on the forehead are not always a sign of the mind, that there are eyebrows that are “out of step” and “house”, that lips can tell much more about a person than he imagines, and, unlike him, do not minimize the shortcomings and do not increase the dignity.

I want to warn you right away: this publication is educational and entertaining in nature, so it will be of little interest to those who consider physiognomy a serious and important science. Of course, its postulates and theory have been formed and tested for centuries, but this book will be, first of all, an exciting guide for beginner "physiognomists", who see in the ability to read faces mainly an opportunity to get interesting information about people, relatives and strangers.

Chapter 1
From the history of physiognomy

Physiognomy(from Greek ph y sis - "nature", "natural inclinations" and gnomonik o s - "knowledgeable", "insightful") means the art of knowing the character of a person, his fate, a certain connection between appearance and character by facial features.

We can say that the origins of physiognomy as a science appeared in ancient times, passed down as healers' secrets from teacher to student, from father to son and preserved in traditions and legends. Later, physiognomic observations were recorded by the healers of the Ancient East, and in ancient civilization they acquired a systematic form and classification, having received the right to be called a doctrine. Moreover, physiognomic knowledge included knowledge not only about facial features, as in modern times, but also about a person’s body, his figure, gestures and facial expressions.

In the tomb of Hermes Trismegistus, discovered, as is commonly believed, by Alexander the Great, an emerald tablet was found - a board on which the doctrine of universal mysterious and fateful connections between phenomena in the Universe and man was written.

The famous Aristotle paid much attention to the study of the features of the human face (in this book, excerpts from his works are given as epigraphs to the chapters). He believed that facial features, its shape, general expression are inherent in certain types of people, with specific character traits, inclinations for various activities, abilities and intelligence. Pythagoras, another illustrious ancient Greek scientist, chose his students only from people whose faces he saw that they had a calling and ability to study the exact sciences.

The famous healer of antiquity, Avicenna (Ibn Sina), made diagnoses after a careful study of the patient's face.

Note

By the way, in ancient times, the sages, who owned the secrets of physiognomy and palmistry, occupied places of honor at the courts of monarchs. However, they did not try to reveal the mechanism of connection between a person's face, his character and fate, acting purely intuitively. Not trying to comprehend the scientific essence of physiognomy, they were sometimes content with their meager knowledge and the ignorance of the nobility, who believed everything that the "predictors" said. Nevertheless, as it should be, such a “teaching” was passed down through the chain of disciplic succession and developed and supplemented over time, often acquiring unverified, ridiculous details, which contributed to the emergence of many charlatans in this science.

Nevertheless, the ancient tradition influenced the culture of Byzantium and the Western European Middle Ages, especially the Arabic sciences and Jewish mysticism (Kabbalah). The works of famous physiognomists, for example, such as A. Debarrol, helped to detail physiognomy, to clear it from the distortions of various charlatans. Debarrol tried to develop a unified theory explaining the existence of an empirical relationship between a person's appearance and his character. In addition, some Western European scientists of the 16th-18th centuries returned to physiognomy, for example, J. della Porta, the author of the famous work "De humana Physiognomonia" (1586). However, the approval of new scientific criteria in the XVII-XVIII centuries. threw physiognomy into the realm of everyday experience, imagination and intuition. The attempt of I. Lavater, the author of the four-volume "Physiognomic Fragments" (1775-1778), to return the status of science to physiognomy turned out to be untenable.

Later F. Gall developed phrenology- the science of the relationship between the human psyche and the structure of the surface of his skull. Having settled in Paris, he, together with his friend I.K. Shpurzheim, developed this doctrine in a large work “Anatomy et physiologie du systeme nerveux en g e n e ral et du cerveau en particulier, etc." (1810–1820). “And stinginess, and giftedness, and talent - everything can be determined using my method,” Gall wrote.

Attempts to develop phrenology were made in the 70s. 19th century Italian forensic doctor Ch. Lombrazo. In his work "Criminal Man" he argued that in appearance and features of the constitution, criminals have deviations from the norm, by which they can all be identified. Lombrazo identified signs for classification by analyzing the external features of 3839 people who committed crimes and 383 skulls of executed criminals. Later generations rejected his doctrine of "inborn" criminals. The international commission of lawyers and doctors did not reveal any features in the structure of their faces.

Note

There are many of the most bizarre "occult", "statistical", "theoretical" interpretations of physiognomy. Astrologers believe that the appearance of a person is given to him by the planet that dominates in his horoscope, creating an “image” and specific character traits corresponding to his influence. Detailed descriptions of the typical appearance characteristic of the chosen, "purebred" children of each planet make it easy enough to distinguish them from the crowd of mortals. These people are characterized by character traits confirmed by centuries of experience. Unfortunately for physiognomy, such people are quite rare. Most mortals bear the fruits of the collective leadership of several planets in their appearance. Each of them not only controls the life and destiny of a person, but also endows him with specific traits of character and appearance. Palmistry, astrology and physiognomy in their own way determine the dominant planet and its dominant influence on a person.

In the 1920-1930s. The "physiognomic" approach in the philosophy of culture was developed by R. Kassner. Many doctors widely used physiognomy in their medical practice. Thus, the famous Russian therapist G. Zakharyin was able to make an almost unmistakable diagnosis based on observation of the patient's appearance. At one time, N. Pirogov even compiled an atlas "The face of the patient." He argued that almost every disease leaves its characteristic mark on a person's face. However, the facial diagnostic method has received particular distribution in the countries of the East (especially in China and Korea). No experienced doctor trained in Tibetan medicine will make a diagnosis without a thorough examination of the patient's face.

There are several schools of "face reading", each of which is based on its own system. So, the Japanese usually divide the face into three zones: the upper (forehead) - it reflects the state of the body and spirit, the middle (from the eyebrows to the tip of the nose), which shows the mental state of a person, and the lower (from the upper lip to the chin), reflecting character. An experienced physiognomist can tell a lot about the condition of the skin of the face, its color, moisture, the severity of the vascular pattern, the location of wrinkles and their depth, etc. In addition, the state of five “vital features” is taken into account: eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth and ears. Their proportionality (shape, color, purity, etc.) is a favorable sign. Their significance is the basis for the widespread introduction into traditional diagnostics of such research methods as iridology, auriculodiagnostics, diagnostics by the capillary pattern of the eyeball.

The analysis of the five "vital traits" and the three areas of the face is considered the basis of the reading procedure. However, in order to form a general impression of the character of a person and the state of his psyche, it is also necessary to take into account the features of the facial bones, the shape of the jaws and chin, and the general configuration of the face.

Note

Evaluating the data obtained, it is necessary to compare them with the age of the person.

Physiognomy determines not so much the actual character and possible behavior, but how in most cases you subconsciously perceive a person you do not know and involuntarily compare it with yourself. Thus, if someone is unpleasant to you, this does not mean at all that he will be unpleasant to others, even if the facial features give out a maniac in this person. Knowing this rule will help you better navigate the conclusions drawn.

Chapter 2
Where does the face begin?

Those who have a small face are cowardly; it correlates with the cat and the monkey. Who has a wide face - lazy; it corresponds with donkeys and oxen. Therefore, the face should be neither small nor large; decent when it's average. Too swarthy timid; this correlates with the Egyptians, Ethiopians. Those who are too white are also timid; it relates to women. Therefore, the color that indicates courage should be medium.

Aristotle 1
Aristotle Stagirite (384-322 BC) - an ancient Greek philosopher and encyclopedic scientist, founder of the peripatetic school, creator of a psychological system that integrated the achievements of ancient thought. The principles and main concepts of this system are set forth in the treatise "On the Soul", as well as in the works "Ethics", "Metaphysics", "History of Animals". Aristotle recognized the driving force of behavior as aspiration, expressing the internal activity of the organism and associated with a feeling of pleasure or displeasure. Aristotle distinguishes between two types of reason: theoretical and practical. Stimulated the development of philosophical thought of subsequent eras.


The first thing that catches your eye at a cursory glance at a person is the shape of the face and its color.

face shape

Physiognomy distinguishes six main types of faces:

oblong;

triangular;

Trapezoidal;

square;

round;

Oval.

I’ll make a reservation right away: “clean” types of faces are rarely found in nature. Take a closer look at the faces of the people around you and highlight the most dominant features. For example, a wide forehead and narrow chin, combined with prominent cheekbones, make up a more triangular face type than a square or trapezoidal one. When determining the type, you can always rely on your own intuition.

oblong face

The oblong face resembles a rectangle - in it the width of the forehead practically coincides with the width of the lower part of the face (Fig. 2.1).


Rice. 2.1. oblong face


Such a face is also called aristocratic, because it characterizes its owner as an intelligent, balanced and sensitive person. Very often, such people are endowed with power, and this does not interfere with their prudence and far-sightedness from being fair and wise rulers. More often than other people, the talents of owners of a rectangular face type are used in the political and military spheres. They set goals for themselves and consistently achieve them. In the absence of pronounced negative facial features, the goals of such people are justified only by worthy means, violence and falsehood in relationships are alien to them.


Rice. 2.2. Maria Mironova

Note

Maria Mironova (Fig. 2.2) is a famous Russian actress, daughter of actor Andrei Mironov. The oblong face of the actress speaks of intelligence, determination and strong-willed character (as evidenced by her reputation among fellow actors).

triangular face

In its form, it is as close as possible to a triangle and is characterized by a high, wide forehead, prominent cheekbones and a chin tapering towards the base (Fig. 2.3).

Such a person can speak of both genius and a tendency to betrayal and falsity. Although one does not contradict the other. In any case, such a face, as a rule, occurs in people who are insensitive, not inclined to affection and devotion. They always stand a little apart from others - either because of their inability to be a socially active person, or because of the negative qualities of character.


Rice. 2.3. triangular face

Trapezoidal face

This face shape is sometimes also called semi-triangular because of the wide forehead and well-defined cheekbones and narrowed (but not pointed) chin (Fig. 2.4).

But more often such a face is compared with another geometric figure - a trapezoid. Such a more “smoothed” face “removes” the negative qualities inherent in a triangular face. So, people with a trapezoidal face shape are more characterized by intelligence, sensuality, but at the same time, a certain passivity. Unlike people with a rectangular face shape, they will not achieve their goal, and they are unlikely to set a goal at all. If, nevertheless, they wish to achieve something in their lives, something will certainly interfere with them: laziness, lack of professionalism, the desire to let things go by themselves - and they will give up what they started halfway through.


Rice. 2.4. Trapezoidal face


At the same time, the trapezoidal shape of the face characterizes its female owners only on the positive side: they are optimistic, sociable and, as a rule, satisfied and happy in life.

Square face

The square shape of the face is characterized by a proportional ratio of the height and width of the face, which makes it look like a square (Fig. 2.5).

Very often such a face is found in courageous, but severe and sometimes heartless people. They strive to conquer the peaks, achieve their goals and achieve success in everything, but in their qualities they are rather good performers than natural leaders. Due to the lack of flexibility and logical mindset, such people can often destroy in an instant what they have been creating for years. Very often, “destruction” in their lives is also provoked by the desire to live “by the rules”. People with such faces are born lawyers.

Women with this face shape tend to subjugate rather than obey, to dominate both in personal and in public life.


Rice. 2.5. Square face

Round face

Circle - a geometric figure that most clearly characterizes the round shape of the face (Fig. 2.6).

The absence of sharp, angular features betrays a good-natured, soft and peaceful nature. But seeming humility can actually turn into amazing ambition, and if at the same time chubby people have a high nose bridge, protruding cheekbones, burning eyes, then you have a purposeful, strong-willed person. Enviable leaders and commanders can come out of such people.


Rice. 2.6. Round face


Chubby people are more likely than others to be able to adapt to the environment. They do this easily, as if effortlessly, however, in the same way they cope with all the difficulties, both financial and personal.

Oval face

The oval shape of the face (Fig. 2.7) combines oblong and round shapes.

The circle is stretched, but at the same time it leaves its characteristic smoothness, that is, it “removes” the “corners” of the oblong face. Similar metamorphoses can be traced in the characters of people with an oval face. So, from an oblong face, they took intellect and sensuality, and from a round face, good nature and optimism. At the same time, they have lost the logic and consistency of thinking inherent in people with an oblong face, so in this case it would hardly be appropriate to talk about a military or political career. On the other hand, the oval becomes a symbol of femininity, softness and wisdom, which are sometimes so lacking in the modern world.


Rice. 2.7. Oval face

Complexion

An important role in physiognomy is played by the complexion. Here it is necessary to understand that we are not talking about the main colors of the skin - signs of racial affiliation. Unlike Aristotle, modern physiognomists know that skin does not have a permanent color. It may vary from the state of the person or the area where he lives. The complexion can range from snow-white to blue-black, which is due to the amount of coloring pigment - melanin. The more it is, the darker the skin.

Very often, when describing a person, you can hear that he has an “unhealthy complexion”, “skin like an alcoholic” or, conversely, “healthy color”, “skin just shines”. This also gives a peculiar characteristic, but we will talk about it later. In the meantime, let's look at the eastern interpretation of physiognomy according to the color of human skin.

Following Eastern traditions in the study of complexion and its influence on a person's character, skin tones can be correlated with the main elements: fire, water, wood, metal and earth.

fire color

The reddish hue of the skin indicates that a person belongs to the elements of fire. Dynamic life, a lot of expression, irascibility, from which the skin “burns”, are the main characteristics of people of this type. As a rule, they not only know how to scream and get annoyed over trifles, but also good workers who take not perseverance, but courage and assertiveness. The skin of such people is often dry and easily irritated. Therefore, it is important for them to remember patience and calmness, the ability to control themselves and save strength not for useless disputes and conflicts, but for solving important professional problems.

water color

Being the exact opposite of fire, water characterizes a person with pale skin, which from a certain angle can cast blue (not to be confused with a bluish tint). As water takes the form of a vessel, so people with a skin tone of this element are fickle and sensitive. The ideal field of activity for such people is intellectual.

Hypersensitivity and proximity of the veins are often the cause of bruising from the slightest contact. Projecting this onto the character of a person, we can talk about excessive vulnerability and resentment. Such people take everything to heart, and the result of this can be devastating, like a tsunami, because outwardly calm and sophisticated people can be expected to do exceptionally unexpected actions that are completely out of proportion to their appearance.

Metal color

The skin color of such people, just like that of people of the elements of water, is pale, but not with a bluish tint, but rather with silvery. Often facial features are pointed, and such people are characterized by a strong, strong-willed character. They always achieve their goals, and at any cost, sometimes without thinking about the consequences. And the reason for this is not recklessness and eccentricity, but cold prudence and even heartlessness.

With this type of skin, the face often resembles a mask: the absence of any emotions, the ability to control oneself in any situation, but if necessary, to play in public with a great deal of success. The main problem of such people is that their self-control mania sometimes reaches a certain extreme, when a person loses his personality, retaining only its shadow.

earth color

One of the most common skin tones of the face - earthy, or yellowish brown - undoubtedly belongs to the elements of the earth and belongs to people who are reliable and self-confident. They appreciate the attention and help of others and never remain ungrateful. At the same time, one cannot envy their enemies or those who have ever betrayed them. Earth-colored people remember well not only the good, but also the bad. Often their vindictiveness develops into vindictiveness. They will not specifically take revenge, but if an opportunity presents itself, they will never miss this opportunity.

It is very difficult to piss off such people, but their rage will be like a hurricane, sweeping away everything in its path. Keeping this character trait in mind, one should beware of falling out of favor with them, and the people themselves, whose skin belongs to the elements of the earth, remember that hurricanes often destroy not only bad, but also good in their path.

wood color

The skin tone belonging to the element of wood combines the bluish tint of water and the yellow of the earth, which is extremely rare. In the same way, the temperament of the two elements - water and earth - is mixed. From the water, he inherited slowness and methodical calm, from the earth - reliability and confidence.

True, very often such a mixture of qualities develops into a certain phlegm, the desire to observe and not interfere in the life process of others. On the one hand, this helps to avoid unnecessary conflicts, but on the other hand, such people cannot always come to the rescue in time.

Chapter 3
From forehead to jaw...

... Who has a small forehead - stupid; it correlates with pigs. Who has a forehead too big - lethargic; it is related to oxen. Round-faced are stupid; it is related to donkeys. Having a large forehead surface - sensitive, insightful, understanding; it relates to dogs. Those who have a proportional square in the forehead are great in soul; it correlates with lions. Those who have a frowned forehead are proud; this corresponds to the bull and the lion. Those who have a smoothed forehead are flatterers; it goes back to the corresponding state. And in dogs you can see: when dogs caress, they have a smooth forehead. Since a furrowed forehead signifies arrogance, and a flattened forehead indicates flattery, the average state will be appropriate.

Aristotle

Forehead

Remember the famous: "Once upon a time there was a pop - oatmeal forehead" 2
Tolokon forehead (contempt.) - about a stupid, stupid person, a fool. The expression came from folk speech, "oatmeal" - from "oatmeal" - "flour, most often oatmeal." To obtain such flour, grains were not ground in a mill, but crushed, crushed with the blows of a wooden pusher. Oatmeal was also called food prepared from such flour. Oatmeal forehead is a contemptuous nickname for a fool, a fool (lit. “forehead stuffed with oatmeal flour” - cf. “sawdust in the head”).

What is a stubborn person usually called? That's right, "stubborn forehead." "Copper forehead" is a person who is not surprised at anything, reckless, courageous and never embarrassed. Pointing at a stupid or dull person, we knock ourselves on the forehead. This is no coincidence. According to physiognomy, the general appearance of the forehead gives an idea of ​​the moral qualities of a person and his character. By the height, convexity and shape of the forehead, one can conclude about the fundamental qualities of a person, that is, those that are a direct reflection of his character.

By looking at the face, you can not only get an idea of ​​​​the person who is standing in front of you, but also find out his past and predict the future. Once upon a time, the art of reading by faces - physiognomy - was dubbed pseudoscience, but now hardly anyone will deny that there is some truth in it, and a considerable proportion.

What can his face say about a person? Almost everything! Let's start with the form: chubby people can easily adapt to any environment, they are energetic and easily overcome both personal and financial difficulties. A square face betrays a strong and determined person with a heightened sense of justice. Such people are born leaders. A person with a thin, elongated face goes to success, overcoming difficulties, much is not easy for him, but this does not detract from his kindness. An oval face speaks of prudence and calmness. We can see large facial features in self-sufficient, successful people.

The complexion can also say a lot, but this is more medicine than physiognomy. Each doctor can determine the general state of health by the color of the skin on the face. An unhealthy blush will tell you about high blood pressure, and an earthy skin tone will give out a problem with digestion. Paleness is a consequence of a lack of hemoglobin in the blood or anemia, blueness - oxygen starvation, yellowness - problems with the liver or spleen.
By the dark circles under the eyes, we recognize an overtired person, this area is also responsible for fertility. If the skin around the eyes is light and elastic, there will be many children, and the person will be on excellent terms with them.

Now let's move on to the parts of the face.

Forehead:
A high, convex, wide forehead is a sign of a bright mind and sociability, but the owner of a sloping or narrow forehead is unlikely to occupy a high position in society.

Ears:
We rarely try to learn about a person by his ears - but in vain. Ears, the upper part of which is above the line of the eyebrows, are a sign of intelligence and ambition. Flattened ears betray authoritative people. Owners of large and fleshy ears, as a rule, live in abundance. And people who have pointed ears, like bats, often do not have the strength to resist instincts.

Cheekbones:
High, prominent cheekbones will say that you have a fighter in front of you who can achieve a lot. If a person lives measuredly, quietly and in no hurry, he has low cheekbones. He is unlikely to be a leader.

Nose:
Nose - that they just do not measure by its size and shape! The face of a good-natured optimist and an honest person is decorated with a large straight nose, a pessimist was awarded a small nose. If this part of the face is naturally curved, then you have a person with a complex character. But it is better not to quarrel with the owner of a hooked nose.

Lips:
Thin lips speak of purposefulness, determination and composure, which are often accompanied by cruelty. On the contrary, it will be easy with a person who has full lips. He is friendly and honest, although simple, and his life is filled with positive emotions.

Chin:
A wide full chin portends a comfortable old age, square and protruding - evidence of great willpower. A dimpled or bifurcated chin is a sign of a passionate nature, and a beveled or pointed one promises problems in life.

Brows:
Wide thick eyebrows adorn bold, straight people with a strong sexual constitution. But their owners often suffer from the manners of a dictator. Owners of thin eyebrows are much more modest, they are secretive and often get sick. If the eyebrows are bent upwards, the person in front of you is friendly and a little capricious, high eyebrows are a sign of generosity. And bushy eyebrows are called devilish - their carrier is obsessed with various obsessions. The fused eyebrows express confusion, a jealous character. Such a person most likely had a difficult childhood.

Eyes:
The eyes are the most important part of the face. Big eyes indicate artistic talent, a broad soul, as well as an inability to manage money. People with small eyes are usually extremely cautious and prudent. The owner of bulging eyes is easily carried away and loves to play friends. Close-set eyes speak of seriousness, even isolation, wide-set eyes - of naivety and gullibility. And yet, the expression of the eyes can tell much more about a person than their shape.

The science of reading faces is very deep - in order to master it well, you need to read more than one book, study hundreds of faces. You cannot draw conclusions about a person by analyzing only his nose or mouth. If you come to sad conclusions by looking at the faces of loved ones and your own in a new way, do not be discouraged! Physiognomy does not make diagnoses - it indicates the direction in which you need to work on yourself. And remember that there are always exceptions to the rules.

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You can only tell what a person is thinking by looking at their facial expressions. There are exceptions when an individual is able to mask emotions under the mask of indifference. But how to determine by the features with whom you will have to live, work, or who needs to be entrusted with the performance of a responsible task?

The science of physiognomy helps to unravel the secret nuances of character. It is guided by people working in high positions, it is followed by recruiters.

It will also help you to correctly establish the character of the person with whom you decided to share your own future. The method is based on research conducted by scientists in different countries of the world.

Character traits by common characteristics

Research within the framework of a multifaceted doctrine gives correct ideas about the signs of character, qualities and unique abilities. Alan Stevens (psychologist - the founder of the method of determining character by facial features) claims that the muscles in the face, as well as in the body, can develop with regular training. The more often a person uses them, the more they are developed.

If a person's eyebrows are located at a greater distance, he prefers to have an individual space. Psychologists attribute this to the development of the muscles used to express surprise.

You will recognize a confident person by the ratio of the length of his face and the width. If the width compared to the length as a percentage is more than 70 units, then the person can be called confident. Those who have a width of the face less than 60% of the length are cautious and not prone to adventures.

Patient and loyal to the mistakes of others, a person with wide-set eyes. If the upper lip is naturally full, he is generous in speech. People with a thin lip line tend to keep their thoughts to themselves. Individuals with a thick crease on the eyelid have an analytical mindset, and those who have it thin or completely absent have decisiveness.

Face shape and character

Rectangular - sensitive, balanced nature with organizational skills. They are able to set goals and overcome them. Even in leadership positions, such people show delicacy and tact. They know when to firmly express an opinion, and when to remain silent.

Square - they are distinguished by a sharp mind, analytical thinking. At the same time, individuals tend to dominate and show aggression.

Triangular - characterized by conflicting character traits. There is cunning, sensitivity and a desire for solitude. Natures are gifted and attracted to self-development in the spiritual sphere.

Trapezoidal - optimists, carrying a sense of happiness and tranquility. They are cheerful and mildly characteristic. These are excellent workers, but not leaders.

Oval - hardworking practitioners. They methodically perform the work, but at the same time they are able to admire their diligence. They are characterized by narcissism, which is why communication with colleagues often does not add up.

Round shape - indicates softness and peacefulness. They are open to learning new things. They are friendly, but do not tolerate encroachment on their own comfort. These are for whom material values ​​are in the main place.

The profile of the face also leaves an imprint on the character of a person.

A convex profile (large nose, wide and thick eyebrows, sloping forehead, full lips) indicates stubbornness and exactingness.
The concave profile, characterized by flat eyebrows, a small snub nose, a protruding forehead and chin, speaks of patience and good nature.
A flat profile is a calm person with a constant character.

What traits influence character?

Saying "facial features" means its individual parts: eyes, nose, mouth, eyebrows, ears and lips. When determining the character, keep in mind that they can be artificially modified, especially in women.

Forehead and eyebrow lines

A high and wide forehead in volume will indicate indiscipline. High and sloping reveals the practicality of the mind and the activity of a person.

Thick eyebrows made of stiff hairs are evidence of intransigence. They have a trait of stubbornness and a tendency to cruelty. If the eyebrows narrow towards the end into a thin strip, nobility is inherent in the person, if the tip is turned up - cruelty and enterprise.

Hair growth also gives an imprint on the character. Eyebrows that are fused indicate decisiveness, and divorced to the sides - about treachery of character. Short but thick eyebrows - a person is closed. He is prone to negative emotions and is often quick-tempered.

Going beyond the eyes, indicate intelligence. If the eyebrows are almost invisible, the person is cunning.

The forehead expanding to the bottom indicates such a character trait as curiosity and a tendency to develop mental abilities. Pronounced folds above the eyebrows speak of an active character.

The forehead, expanding towards the top, indicates talent. But such a person is closed and does not take into account the opinions of others.

Set character by eyes

The expression of the eyes is easy to control, so it is often not possible to establish a character from this trait. But the form is given by nature and it is possible to determine the characteristics of a person by it, knowing what it means:

small eyes - a sign of jealousy, if they have a double lower eyelid - inconstancy;
big eyes - a sign of sensitivity, if the eyelids slightly cover the eyes, the person has an imperious character;
narrow - a sign of stealth;
deep-set eyes - beware of such a person, as he can be treacherous;
raised edges indicate courage and good nature;
corners pointing down - excessive emotionality.

Submission is inherent in people who have the outer corner of the eye pointing down.

Nose length and character

The nose is the most truthful way to tell about the character. The expression of the mouth and eyes is easy to change, but changing the nose is possible only with surgery.

Small, indicates pettiness and jealousy. A thin nose with a small hump characterizes a stubborn person. A long nose indicates conservatism, and if it is still wide, the person has poise and calmness. Too much length is a sign of capriciousness and intelligence.

If bones appear on the back of the nose, it means that a person does not know how to concentrate. The wings are located in proportion to the large and flat back - prudence, coldness.

Pay special attention to the tip of the nose:

round - luck and good luck, the individual gets everything he wants;
convex - self-sacrifice is inherent;
rounded nose, like an eagle - nature is subject to revenge;
drooping tip - supersexuality;
the tip raised up speaks of openness and inability to keep a secret;
a sharp tip is a fickle nature, capable of betraying.

The shape and location of the auricle

If the upper part of the ears is located at the level of the eyebrows, the person is stubborn and often dissatisfied. Is the upper line of the auricle in line with the eyes? A person has a developed intuition.

The proportionality of the auricle is difficult to immediately see, but it is also easy to determine the character of a person from it. Width less than height? A person is characterized by weakness of character and a superficial mind. Vice versa? A strong personality with an imperious character.

Rectangular - a sign of perseverance and the ability to achieve goals. Protruding ears will tell about sexuality, and too close-fitting shells are evidence of conscientiousness and hard work.

Does the person have large earlobes? So fortune is on his side. Ears with short lobes will tell about a complex, unbalanced character.

If the outer line has convex shapes, the person has talents. Ears with a round shape will tell about energy and leadership abilities.

Mouth and lip shape

Self-centered and stubborn people have lips of different sizes: the lower lip is wider than the upper one. Thin lips will tell about cruelty, and thick lips - about sensuality and a sharp mind. If you see a wide mouth on a small face, think that in front of you is a real leader who has been given the ability to manage people from birth.

A wide mouth on a large face is a sign of isolation. Such a person pays attention only to his own affairs. A small mouth is an indicator of weak will.

If the corners of the lips are down, the person is stubborn, up - sensitive. If the corners are not located proportionally, then a person is able to deceive and betray. If a person has a large mouth and at the same time it is slightly open, know that this is a careless person, prone to indecision.

When choosing a girl for a life together, remember that closed lips indicate a desire to climb the career ladder. In this case, family life will be in the background.

Chin and its features

Wide - speaks of the spirit of competition, the unwillingness to lose. Expressed features will tell about stubbornness and endurance. This is a person who has and adheres to a value system. Mild features of the chin in a person with a weak will and weak character. He is influenced and lives by the standards of others.

How to learn to recognize the character by the features of the face?

Not everyone can determine the ability of character. To obtain an accurate analysis, you need to have a medical education, as well. Only an excellent psychologist is capable of capturing the shades of mood, contemplating the full picture of character.

After all, the features should be considered in general, taking into account proportions and balance. The length of the nose or ears can only be determined according to other features. Comparing them, you can say: large, small, proportionally or not.

Pay special attention to balance. The more clearly it is expressed, the stronger the character of the personality is manifested. First of all, examine the shape of the eyes, mouth, nose, ears and eyebrows. Then evaluate the forehead and chin, temples and cheekbones.

Based on the records, a more accurate estimate can be made.

An important feature is the eyes. They reveal the essence of a person more than others. Ancient scientists distinguished 39 forms of the eye. Each of them spoke about certain features of the human character. They determined the presence of talent and leadership qualities. In an outstanding, outstanding person, they are proportional and go well with the nose, mouth, ears and other features.

March 22, 2014, 03:40 pm