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Lermontov, Mikhail Yurievich - biography. Biography - Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich Merits and failures




Comparing the creative baggage of Mikhail Lermontov with the number of years lived, it becomes clear that we have a genius in front of us. At 10, he composed plays for the home theater, read French, German and English classics in the original, drew beautifully, at 15 he wrote the first edition of the poem "The Demon", at 20 - the drama in verse "Masquerade", at 24 - the novel "A Hero of Our Time ". And at the age of 26, Lermontov died.

Childhood and youth

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov was born on the night of October 15, 1814 in Moscow. The poet's grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva is a noblewoman from the noble family of the Stolypins. The minister is the second cousin of the poet.

The powerful and wealthy Elizaveta Arsenyeva did not want marriage for her only daughter with Yuri Lermontov, a handsome military man from an impoverished family. His dubious descent from the Scot George Lermont did not inspire confidence in her. Later, the British company Oxford Ancestors denied the poet's relationship with the Lermontovs using DNA analysis, confirming Arsenyeva's doubts.

As the woman predicted, the personal life of Masha's daughter, who "jumped out" to marry Yury Lermontov's red tape at the age of 16, turned out to be unhappy. The husband began to cheat on his young wife almost immediately after the wedding. He started an affair with the German nanny of his son Misha, dragged himself behind the yard girls. And when the wife reproached her husband for treason, she received a punch in the face. 21-year-old Maria Arsenyeva-Lermontova died of transient consumption, leaving 2-year-old Misha half-orphaned.


Elizaveta Alekseevna, who at the time of her daughter's death was 44 years old, took away her grandson from her son-in-law, writing out a promissory note to Lermontov for 25 thousand rubles. Yuri left the Stolypin family estate, and his grandmother took up Misha's upbringing. The woman adored her grandson and did not spare money for his education and health. Mikhail Lermontov grew up as a sickly, scrofulous boy, and his grandmother hired the French doctor Anselm Levy for her grandson.


The domineering mother-in-law occasionally allowed the father to meet with her son, from which both suffered.

“I became a torn prey,” Mikhail Lermontov later complained.

The childhood and youth years of the future classic were spent in the Tarkhany estate in the Penza province. Elizaveta Alekseevna hired teachers for his education. The Frenchman Cape, a former officer of the Napoleonic army, taught the boy French. After the death of his teacher, his place was taken by the emigrant Shandro, whom Mikhail Lermontov later described in the poem "Sashka", calling him the Marquis de Tess and "Parisian Adonis". Shandro was replaced by the Englishman Windson, who introduced the young man to English literature. Love for creativity in Lermontov from a British teacher.


Mikhail Lermontov grew up watching the village life in the family estate, listening to folk songs and legends about and from the peasants.

A trip with his grandmother to the Caucasus left a deep mark on the life and creative biography of Mikhail Lermontov. In Goryachevodsk, a 10-year-old boy fell in love for the first time and 2 years later dedicated the poem “To Genius” to his first muse.

Poetry

In September 1828, Mikhail Lermontov was enrolled in the 4th grade of the capital's university boarding school. In December, the boy was transferred to the fifth grade, having presented a picture and a book for diligence. This year is significant in that Lermontov counted the beginning of creativity from him.


In the boarding school, the teenager undertook to write handwritten magazines. In one of them, called "Morning Dawn", the young poet became the main collaborator and placed the first poem "Indian Woman". But two years after the boarding school was transformed into a gymnasium, Misha left his studies.

Summer 16-year-old Mikhail Lermontov spent in the Moscow region, in the estate of the Stolypins Serednikovo. Vereshchagin's relatives lived nearby. Lermontov was friends with Alexandra Vereshchagina. The girl introduced Mikhail to her friend, the "black-eyed beauty" Ekaterina Sushkova, with whom the young man fell in love. The feelings of the young poet remained unanswered, he suffered unbearably. Katya laughed at the in love, clumsy and nondescript boy. Later, Sushkova will realize that she made a fatal mistake, mocking the unfortunate young man.


In the autumn of 1830, Mikhail Lermontov entered Moscow University, choosing the moral and political department. For two years he studied with Vissarion Belinsky, Alexander Herzen and Nikolai Ogarev. In his student years, Lermontov wrote the drama "Strange Man", which condemned serfdom. Mikhail showed a daring disposition and impoliteness, for which the teachers took revenge on him during the exams: the young man “flunked” the exams.

Lermontov refused to stay for the second year and left the university, moving with his grandmother to St. Petersburg. An attempt to enter the second year was unsuccessful: Mikhail was offered to start from the first. On the advice of friends and grandmother, the young man entered the school of guards ensigns and cavalry cadets, where he studied for two years, calling them "terrible" because of the military drill.


In St. Petersburg, the previously clumsy and gloomy Mikhail Lermontov was transformed: the young man became the soul of the company, reveled and drove beauties crazy. The sharp mind, erudition, sarcasm of the young man were noted by friends and high-society young ladies.

In 1835, the poet's works first appeared in print. Comrade Lermontov, without his knowledge, gave the story "Hadji Abrek" to the press.

Since the second half of the 30s, Mikhail Lermontov's poems have been willingly published. Critics and readers warmly received the poem "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ...". In the poems "Dagger" ("My iron friend"), "Poet" and "Duma" Lermontov proclaimed the ideals of civil poetry. The folk theme, the Russian character are outlined in the poems "Borodino" and "Motherland".

A striking example of romanticism is called the verse "Sail", first published in "Notes of the Fatherland". Reading the lines, the spiritual impulses of the 18-year-old poet become clear.

During the years of his life in St. Petersburg, Mikhail Lermontov observes the mores of the aristocracy - the observations form the basis of the drama "Masquerade", which the poet repeatedly rewrote, but did not break through the wall of censorship.


The turning point from early to mature work of Lermontov happened in 1837, after the publication of an angry response to death. The poem "The Death of a Poet", which condemned the murderer and the court nobility, named by Lermontov as the culprit of the tragedy, was read by all of Russia. Pushkin's friends and admirers of his talent greeted the poem admiringly, while his enemies, including society ladies who sided with the handsome Dantes, were indignant.

Having learned about the negative reaction of the world, Mikhail Lermontov added spice. The first poem ended with the line: "And his seal is on his lips." The continuation became a challenge to the "arrogant descendants": they saw in the verses an appeal to the revolution.

Links

After the appearance of the poem, a trial and arrest followed. The process was watched by the emperor. Lermontov's grandmother and Pushkin's friends, including, tried to mitigate the fate of Mikhail Lermontov. The rebel was sent into exile in the Caucasus, as an ensign in a dragoon regiment.

The first link lasted six months, but Lermontov changed a lot. The picturesque nature of the Caucasus, the life of the highlanders, local folklore were reflected in the works of the "Caucasian" period. But the poet's youthful gaiety melted away, replaced by "black melancholy."


After returning to St. Petersburg high society, Mikhail Lermontov is in the spotlight: he is admired by some and hated by others. The Caucasus inspired the poet to write poems conceived and begun in Moscow: “Demon” and “Mtsyri” appeared, complementing each other.

After exile, Mikhail Lermontov brought new works to St. Petersburg, which are published in each issue of the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski. Mikhail Yuryevich entered the circle of close friends of Pushkin and is at the peak of his popularity. He is still brash and sarcastic. A quarrel with the son of the French ambassador Ernest de Barante in February 1840 ends in a duel. Lermontov and de Barante met behind the Black River, not far from the place of Pushkin's duel with Dantes. Ernest de Barante missed, and Mikhail Lermontov fired to the side.

The authorities found out about the duel, the poet was arrested and handed over to a military court. The emperor ordered the duellist to be sent to the Caucasus for the second time, but now to an army regiment that fought on the front line. Lermontov distinguished himself by showing courage, but by order of Nicholas the First, he did not receive awards.

One of the last poems of the poet - "I go out alone on the road" - appeared at the end of May 1841. Critics saw in it the "lyrical result of the quest" to which Mikhail Lermontov turned at the end of his earthly journey. A few weeks before the murder, the poet composed the verse "Cliff", published 2 years after his death.

Novels

In St. Petersburg, in between drills, Mikhail Lermontov wrote the novel Vadim, in which he described the events of the Pugachev uprising.


But the apotheosis of Lermontov's realism is the novel A Hero of Our Time, written in 1840, shortly before his death. The image of Pechorin is shown against the contrasting background of the life of Russian society. The contradiction between the depth of Pechorin's nature and the futility of actions is autobiographical. The innovation of the novel is in the subtle psychologism and the disclosure of the spiritual life of the characters, which none of the writers of Russia had done before.

Personal life

Mikhail Lermontov wrote:

"I loved three times - three times hopelessly."

The poet, according to the description of a contemporary young lady, did not differ in beauty. Small in stature, stocky, the look of black eyes is gloomy, the smile is unkind, a nervous young man, similar to a spoiled and vicious child.


Three of Lermontov's main loves got married: Ekaterina Sushkova, whom Mikhail fell in love with at the age of 16, Natalia Ivanova, to whom he dedicated the Ivanovo Cycle, Varvara Lopukhina, whom the poet loved until the end of his life.


Mikhail Lermontov brutally took revenge on Sushkova after 5 years. Upon learning that the girl was going to get married, he upset the wedding, playing out passion and making Catherine fall in love with him. Compromised in the eyes of the world, the bride suffered for a long time. The story of a tragic relationship is reminiscent of the love line of the novel A Hero of Our Time.


The poet took the news of the marriage of Varenka Lopukhina painfully. When Varvara got married, Lermontov never called her by her husband's last name - Bakhmeteva: his beloved remained Lopukhina for him.

Death

The winter of 1840-41 was the last for Lermontov. He came on vacation to St. Petersburg, dreaming of retirement and literary work. The grandmother, who dreamed of a military career for her grandson and did not share her passion for literature, dissuaded Mikhail from submitting his resignation. Lermontov returned to the Caucasus with an anxious heart.


In Pyatigorsk, Mikhail Lermontov had a fatal quarrel with retired major Nikolai Martynov, whom he met in Moscow and even visited his parents' house. Later, Martynov said that in Pyatigorsk Lermontov did not miss a single opportunity to let go of a taunt against him.

The duel took place on July 27, 1841. Opponents agreed to shoot "to the end." Mikhail Lermontov fired upwards, and Martynov fired point-blank, into the enemy's chest, killing him outright. A thunderstorm broke out and pouring rain prevented the arrival of the doctor, and the murdered poet lay on the ground for a long time.


At the funeral of Lermontov, despite the efforts of friends, there was no church rite. In St. Petersburg, the news of the poet's death was greeted with the words: "There he is dear." According to the memoirs of Pavel Vyazemsky, the emperor dropped: "To a dog - a dog's death," but after a reproach from the Grand Duchess, he went out to those present and proclaimed that "he who could replace Pushkin for us has been killed."


Lermontov was buried on July 29, 1841 in the old cemetery of Pyatigorsk. But after 250 days, the grandmother of Mikhail Yuryevich obtained permission from the emperor to transport the body to Tarkhany.

In April 1842, the body in a lead coffin was buried in the family chapel-tomb, next to his grandfather and mother.

Memory

Lermontov's books have undergone dozens of reprints. The last in 2014: a collection of works in 4 volumes was published by the Pushkin House Publishing House in the amount of 300 copies.

Streets, squares, libraries in Russia and the post-Soviet republics bear the name of Mikhail Yuryevich. In Odessa, the city library No. 16 and the clinical sanatorium are named after the poet.


The minor planet numbered 2222, discovered in March 1981, is named Lermontov.

A monument to Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was erected in Grozny on the avenue, next to the Drama Theater named after M. Yu. Lermontov. On the pedestal the lines of the poet:

“Like a sweet song of my Fatherland, I love the Caucasus!”.

Bibliography

  • "Hadji-Abrek"
  • "Daemon"
  • "Mtsyri"
  • "Borodino"
  • "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich"
  • "Thought"
  • "Bela"
  • "Fatalist"
  • "Taman"
  • "Sail"
  • "Ishmael Bay"
  • "Death of poet"
  • "Hero of our time"


 Role and place in literature

Lermontov's poetry was considered by contemporaries to be a "new link" in the historical development of Russian society. The author protested against the oppression of the common people and the infringement of thinking people in a serf-autocratic state.

The peculiarity of Lermontov's work is the fusion of socio-political and personal motives. The poet influenced the work of many other poets and writers.

Origin and early years

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov was born on October 3, 1814 in the Russian Empire (Moscow). The origin of the future poet is amazing: his family is rooted in Scotland. And the legendary prophet-bard Thomas Lermont is considered a great ancestor.

Father - Yuri Petrovich Lermontov, retired infantry captain. He was considered a handsome man, kind, but quick-tempered.

Mother - Maria Mikhailovna Lermontova (nee - Arsenyeva) was a wealthy heiress. She got married at 17. After giving birth, her health deteriorated - and her husband lost interest in her. Family life was not going well.

Mikhail was brought up by his grandmother, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva. She had a brilliant mind, willpower and business acumen. But, despite the harsh disposition, she did not use physical reprisals against the serfs, except to shave her hair or cut off her braid.

Lermontov spent his early years in his grandmother's estate, in Tarkhany.

Education

Lermontov received his primary education by studying at home. In the period from 1828 to 1830 he studied at the university boarding school in Moscow.

In 1830, the future poet entered Moscow University. At first, he studies at the moral and political faculty, and then at the verbal one.

After graduating from the university, Mikhail spends several years at the school of ensigns of the Guards in St. Petersburg. In 1834, service began in the Hussar regiment.

Creation

Lermontov becomes known to a wide circle of the public after the release of a poem dedicated to A. Pushkin. In it, the author reproached the authorities for the premature departure of a genius. For a bold work, Lermontov was sent into exile. And only thanks to the petition of the grandmother, the punishment for the poet was mitigated. On the way to the Caucasus, Mikhail visited Moscow, where he wrote Borodino (1837).

Lermontov's lyrics are special, they feel alienation and at the same time a sense of social responsibility. And the prose of Mikhail Lermontov is a true picture of the Russian society of that time.

Main work

The main work of Lermontov is considered to be the novel "A Hero of Our Time". The author worked on it during 1838-1840. It consists of five original stories connected by one person. The idea of ​​the work is to show the vices of society in the person of the protagonist. The lyric-psychological novel was a great discovery for Russian literature of that time.

Last years

Mikhail Lermontov was a famous duelist. His last duel was with a fellow student, Martynov. At a secular reception, Mikhail made an unflattering joke on him - and this became the reason for the duel. On July 15, 1841, at the age of 26, Lermontov was shot dead.

Chronological table (by dates)

Interesting facts from the writer's life

  • Lermontov was not popular with women. Once because of the refusal of the girl, he later took revenge by upsetting her wedding.
  • The poet had a daring character and more than once went to a duel.
  • Everyone considered Martynov a "slanting shooter", but it was he who fired the fatal shot at Lermontov.
  • Lermontov was not whimsical in food and ate everything indiscriminately. One day, friends decided to play a trick on him and put sawdust in the buns. Michael did not notice this and ate.
  • Lermontov was a second cousin of Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin.

Writer's Museum

The Lermontov House Museum is located on Malaya Molchanka (Moscow). Here the poet lived from 1829 to 1832.

Mikhail Lermontov is one of the most famous Russian poets, and recognition came to him during his lifetime. His work, which combined acute social themes with philosophical motives and personal experiences, had a huge impact on poets and writers of the 19th-20th centuries. Kultura.RF tells about the personality, life and work of Mikhail Lermontov.

Moscow youth

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was born on the night of October 2 to 3 (October 15, according to a new style) in 1814 in a house opposite the Red Gate Square - the very one where the most famous monument to the poet in Russia stands today.

Lermontov's mother was not even seventeen at that time, and his father had a reputation for being an attractive but frivolous person. The real power in the family was in the hands of the poet's grandmother, Elizaveta Arsenyeva. It was she who insisted that the boy be called not Peter, as his father wanted, but Michael.

Young Lermontov was not distinguished by either good health or a cheerful disposition.

The artist is unknown. Portrait of Mikhail Lermontov. 1820–1822 Institute of Russian Literature, St. Petersburg

All childhood he was ill with scrofula. A slender boy with an eating disorder and a rash all over his body caused neglect and ridicule among his peers. “Deprived of the opportunity to have fun with the usual amusements of children, Sasha began to look for them in himself ...”- Lermontov wrote in one of his autobiographical stories. The more often Lermontov was unwell, the more intensively his grandmother was engaged in his treatment and education. In 1825, she brought him to the Caucasus - this is how the most important toponym for him appeared in Lermontov's life. "The mountains of the Caucasus are sacred to me"- wrote the poet.

Since September 1830, the poet studied at Moscow University - first in the moral and political, and then in the verbal department. Later, following the Caucasus, Lermontov would also call the University his "holy place".

True, Mikhail did not seek the friendship of fellow students, did not take part in student circles, and ignored disputes. Among those "ignored" by Lermontov was Vissarion Belinsky: for the first time they talked much later - during the first arrest of the poet. At the end of the second year, at the rehearsal of exams in rhetoric, heraldry and numismatics, Lermontov showed erudition beyond the program and ... almost complete ignorance of the lecture material. Arguments arose with the examiners. So in the records of the administration, opposite the name of Lermontov, a note appeared in Latin: consilium abeundi (“advised to leave”). After that, the young man moved to St. Petersburg.

Petersburg students

Lermontov disliked the city on the Neva, and this feeling was mutual. St. Petersburg University refused to count Lermontov two Moscow years of study - he was offered to enter the first year again. Lermontov was offended and, on the advice of a friend, passed the exam for the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers.

On the eve of admission, Lermontov wrote a creed poem "Sail". However, instead of a “storm”, only drill and routine awaited the poet at school. Here “it was not allowed to read books of a purely literary content”. Lermontov called the years of study "terrible" and "ill-fated".

At the School of ensigns, the poet received the nickname Mayushka (in consonance with the French "doigt en maillet" - "crooked finger"). Lermontov really was stooped, but the accuracy of the nickname was not only in this. Its second meaning is a reference to the character of the novels named Mae - a cynic and a wit. On the course, the poet really kept himself independent and bold, while in his studies he was among the best students. In the notes of fellow student Nikolai Martynov (the same one who challenged the poet to the last duel), Lermontov is characterized as a person "so superior in his mental development to all other comrades that it is impossible to draw parallels between them".

Mikhail Lermontov. Pyatigorsk. 1837-1838. State Literary Museum, Moscow

Mikhail Lermontov. Attack of the Life Guards Hussars near Warsaw. 1837. State Lermontov Museum-Reserve "Tarkhany", Lermontovo village, Penza region

Mikhail Lermontov. View of Tiflis. 1837. State Literary Museum, Moscow

In the St. Petersburg period, the poet began a historical novel on the theme of Pugachev (“Vadim”), wrote lyrics (poems “Prayer”, “Angel”), a poem “Boyarin Orsha”, worked on the drama “Masquerade”.

On January 27, 1837, the duel between Alexander Pushkin and Georges Dantes took place on the Black River. Even before his death, rumors about the death of the poet spread throughout St. Petersburg - they reached Lermontov as well. Already on January 28, the first 56 verses of The Death of a Poet were finished, and the work began to spread rapidly in the lists. Literary critic Ivan Panaev wrote: “Lermontov’s poems on the poet’s death were copied in tens of thousands of copies, reread and memorized by everyone”. On February 7, Lermontov wrote the 16 final lines of the poem (starting with “And you, arrogant descendants // By the well-known meanness of the illustrious fathers”), in which, along with the "murderer", he called the highest Petersburg society and those close to the "throne" guilty of the death of the poet.

At the end of February, Lermontov was taken into custody. The trial took place with the personal participation of Emperor Nicholas I. Pushkin's friends (primarily Vasily Zhukovsky) and Lermontov's grandmother, who also had secular connections, stood up for Lermontov. As a result, he was transferred "with the preservation of his rank" to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, which was then operating in the Caucasus. Lermontov left Petersburg as a scandalous celebrity.

Literary fame

Lermontov's first Caucasian exile lasted only a few months, but was rich in events: work on Mtsyri and The Demon, acquaintance with the exiled Decembrists, a visit to Pyatigorsk with its "water society" and a trip to Tiflis. During the exile, the poet's youthful gaiety almost disappeared, he became even more withdrawn, often in "black melancholy."

Through the efforts of his grandmother, in 1838, Lermontov returned to Petersburg society again. He was accepted into the circle of the literary elite: Pyotr Vyazemsky, Vasily Zhukovsky, Nikolai Karamzin. Lermontov became one of the most popular writers of the capital. Almost every issue of Andrei Kraevsky's journal "Domestic Notes" came out with new poems by the poet.

However, two years later, after another participation in a duel - with the son of the French ambassador Ernest de Barante - Lermontov again ended up in the Caucasus. He was ordered to be in the active army. Lermontov accepted the new punishment with passion: he participated in many battles, including the battle on the Valerik River. He dedicated the poem "Valerik" to this battle.

In the Caucasus, the poet worked on the novel A Hero of Our Time, the first chapters of which had been written a few years before. The work was printed in excerpts in the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski, and later released as a separate book - it was sold out very quickly. In the same year, 1840, the only lifetime edition of Lermontov's poems was published.

Pyotr Konchalovsky. Portrait of Mikhail Lermontov. 1943. Image: russianlook.com

Ilya Repin. Duel (fragment). 1897. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

In early February 1841, Lermontov secured a short vacation in St. Petersburg. In the poet’s notebook at that moment, the textbook “Cliff”, “Dream”, “Prophet”, “Oak leaf came off the branch of my dear” and “I go out alone on the road” were already recorded. In the capital, Lermontov busied himself with publishing the poem "The Demon" and pondered a plan to publish his own journal. However, these projects were not destined to come true: in April, the poet received an order to leave the city back to the regiment within 48 hours.

A quarrel with Nikolai Martynov happened on the way of the poet to the Caucasus, in Pyatigorsk. Being in his most caustic and melancholy mood, Lermontov teased the retired major evening after evening - and he challenged him to a duel. It took place on July 27, 1841 at the foot of Mount Mashuk near Pyatigorsk. According to eyewitnesses, during the duel, the poet defiantly fired into the air. However, Martynov was too offended to show the same generosity. Mikhail Lermontov was shot dead through the chest.

The only lifetime collection of Lermontov was "Poems by M. Lermontov", published in 1840 with a circulation of 1000 copies. The collection includes two (out of 36) poems by the author and 26 (out of 400) poems.

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov is a Russian prose writer and poet. He was born on October 15, 1814 in Moscow. He is known throughout the world for his works, as well as for the influence that his work had on the painting and cinema of that time. He became one of the few authors whose works influenced the formation of writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. He skillfully combined in them personal and philosophical ideas, as well as issues that worried society.

According to unconfirmed reports, the Lermontov family is rooted in Scotland, which was repeatedly reflected in the works of Mikhail Yuryevich. In addition, as a teenager, he claimed that his family was descended from an Italian leader, Francisco Lerma. Similar fantasies were later displayed in the work "Italians".

Interesting facts from the biography of M. Yu. Lermontov

The life of the Lermontov family was constantly filled with scandals and intrigues. Mikhail Lermontov's grandfather often cheated on his wife with a neighbor whose husband spent a long time in another country for work. The grandfather's life ended tragically: he drank poison when he found out about the return of his mistress's husband home. After that, the estate and serfs, which at that time were already more than 600 people, began to manage the grandmother of the future poet - Elizaveta Alekseevna from the Stolypin family.

Mikhail's father lived in a neighboring village, which was located next to the Lermontov estate. That is how he met Maria Arsenyeva (the poet's mother). Family happiness lasted very little, as frequent betrayals and misunderstandings began. As a result of constant stress, Lermontov's mother died at the age of 21 (the girl got married at the age of 17). After that, the boy's father ran away, leaving his son to be raised by Elizaveta Alekseevna (grandmother).

Thanks to the clear mind and erudition of his grandmother, who loved her grandson very much, Lermontov received an excellent education at home. She tried to invest everything she could in her grandson, his development and improve his naturally poor health. At the same time, she completely cut off contact with Mikhail's father, who did not even try to take part in the upbringing. All these events are described in detail in the poet's work called "Menschen und Leidenschaften", which he wrote as a teenager.

Lermontov was a rather sickly boy who constantly struggled with various serious diseases. All this is displayed in the story in the work "Tales", where the double of the author himself acts as the main character. Here you can find stories about his communication with his father and grandmother, memories of childhood. It also means that for the treatment and care of a constantly ill boy, the grandmother hired a French doctor, who was engaged in restoring the health of young Lermontov.

Childhood years of the future poet

Grandmother took up the education of her grandson very seriously, inviting the best teachers to study foreign languages, literature and the exact sciences. Unfortunately, the boy himself did not have a childhood, since all his time was occupied with learning. This is what led to distrust of the world around and strong disappointment in it, becoming the main "inspirer" for writing numerous works.

Lermontov was very fond of nature and mountains, he was a dreamy and romantic boy who constantly tried to escape from the real world into his invented one. Also from an early age, he joined the literature. The boy could spend hours reading books by famous authors, which were collected in a huge library in Tarkhany.

Lermontov's further education took place at the Noble University Boarding School, where the boy entered the 4th grade immediately. It was here that he was instilled with a taste for literature and taught to correctly express his experiences through writing. As a result, already in 1829, the first essays of the "Demon" and a large number of poems appeared.

A year later, becoming interested in Byron's works, the poet writes the poem "Prediction", in which he compares himself with the English writer. At this time, he also met the beautiful Natalia, to whom he would later devote more than 30 poems. But their relationship soon ends due to the betrayal of the girl, which is also reflected in the poems, most of which tell about the pain and emotional experiences of the poet.

After entering Moscow University, Lermontov begins to attend thematic circles and actively write new works. Here he writes the student drama "Strange Man", the main character of which is the embodiment of the author himself. Of course, this was not the only drama written by Lermontov during his studies, since during this period his talent began to actively mature. But after two years of study, he has to leave his studies at the university and move to St. Petersburg.

Lermontov's adult life

After moving to St. Petersburg, Lermontov wants to go to university again. But he is refused to count 2 years of study in Moscow and enroll in the 1st year again. Under pressure from relatives and grandmother, the young man therefore has to go to the Cavalry School. The time spent here, he later called "ill-fated years", expressing his experiences in the text of "Junker Prayers" and the novel "Vadim". At the same time, Lermontov began to take an interest in drama, as a result of which numerous works in this genre appeared.

After graduating from college, Mikhail Yurievich became a cornet in the Hussar regiment. At that time, he liked to play the role of a tyrant of women's hearts, which led to the idea of ​​\u200b\u200btaking revenge on the girl who rejected and cruelly acted with the lover Lermontov while living with her grandmother. The young man breaks up the family of his former lover, after which he leaves her and exposes their romance to the public.

At this time, for the first time, the author's works, "Khadzhi Abrek", were published. But the debut was unsuccessful and Lermontov agreed to the publication of his works only a few years later. A Hero of Our Time is a novel that was published next. And already in 1840, his only lifetime edition was published, consisting of 26 poems and several poems.

The following year, on July 15, Lermontov died during a duel with Nikolai Martynov. The main reason for the challenge to the duel, Martynov pointed out "frequent barbs and ridicule in his direction," which Lermontov uttered at each meeting. The poet was buried on the territory of the old Pyatigorsk cemetery on July 17, 1841.

We bring to your attention short biography of Lermontov- the greatest Russian poet. great people are interesting because after spending just a few minutes, you can find out the main moments of the life of the person you are interested in.

Especially when it comes to a man like Lermontov. Indeed, in his 26 years, he wrote such brilliant works that allowed him to become a classic and one of the most prominent poets of Russia, entering the golden fund.

So, before you is a short biography of Mikhail Lermontov.

Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov

Short biography of Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (1814-1841) - the great Russian poet, prose writer, playwright, artist. His work had a huge impact on both his contemporaries and subsequent generations of young people.

By the way, Lermontov independently studied English in order to read Byron, beloved by him, in the original.

However, Lermontov's biography took a non-standard path.

Soon, after a collision with the reactionary professors, Mikhail Yuryevich was forced to leave the university and enter the St. Petersburg School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers. In 1834, after graduating from school, a hussar regiment was appointed to the Life Guards.

Creative biography of Lermontov

The name of Mikhail Lermontov instantly thundered all over after he wrote the poem “Death of a Poet”, amazing in its depth.

This verse became a cry from the heart of a desperate poet when he learned about the death, whom he idolized.

With fame came trouble. For "rebellious verse" Lermontov was sent to his first exile. However, from this his biography acquired new colors.

The Caucasus, where the poet was exiled, made an indelible impression on the living mind of a genius. His imprint is visible in almost all works.

Through the efforts of Mikhail's grandmother, who had connections with those close to the emperor (see), Lermontov is allowed to return from the Caucasus in a few months.

However, for the duel with the son of the French ambassador E. Barant, the poet goes into exile for the second time, and again to the Caucasus. It takes place in 1840.

It was then that he takes a direct part in hostilities, where, according to the testimony of officers, he proves himself to be an extremely courageous and brave warrior.

Lermontov's works

The most famous works of Lermontov are the novel "A Hero of Our Time", the poems "Demon", "Mtsyri", "The Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov", the poems "Sail", "The Death of a Poet" and many others.

All these works are included in the golden fund of the literary heritage of Russia.

Death of Lermontov

Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov was killed in a duel that took place in Pyatigorsk. Things went like this. The poet was returning from exile, and on the way he met his old acquaintance - Nikolai Martynov.

This is where Lermontov's biography ends, but his legacy lives on and inspires many people around the world to this day.

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