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The risks of socialization. The process of human socialization, its periods, stages




(several theses)

"In the beginning was the Word." But it was a word not corrupted by lies. From morning to evening we hear, read, pronounce words. But what words?!

Our time is a time of total distortion of facts, omissions, partial or complete withholding of the truth.

The attitude towards traditional values ​​is changing. Truth is not only not loved, it is frankly feared, they do not want it, they "run away" from it. And no wonder - the truth tears the mask of hypocrisy from the physiognomy of modern society.

First of all, the media are responsible for the truth and falsity of knowledge about the world. The modern media of recent years have played a dubious role.

They "open" people's heads like tin cans, unceremoniously fill them with their information "products", rebuilding their consciousness in a different way.

Political talk show hosts react to the stupid antics of Western journalists and politicians by making the topics of programs out of political garbage and discussing them with experts, forcing an unhealthy atmosphere on the air. The talk show is constantly attended by "guests" who "warm up the degree" of the show with slanderous anti-Russian speeches.

A well-known TV presenter speaks from the TV screen about the problems and delusions of the world, shows a film, and then sells books called "Great Secrets". What are these secrets? Apparently, the assertion that climate change on the planet is due to the fact that some kind of incomprehensible energy is released from the brain of excited people ("revolution" in Ukraine, "Arab spring"). Some "independent researcher" stated this in the program "The Most Shocking Hypotheses". Or maybe a "guess" that the weather is "muddyed" by aliens (from there) ... Or, the statement of another "independent researcher" that raccoons in particular are ready to become intelligent beings ... Oh, and fool our brother!

And what is written in the newspapers, what can be seen and read on the Internet and in various magazines - it is better not to talk about it ... And after all, there are so many lies in everything!

The philosophy of modern media says: "There is no truth, there is an interpretation of facts and events."

Compliance with objective truth, adequacy of reality are not today the criteria by which the media are guided in their activities.

The media are actively involved in the formation of a new global phenomenon - false knowledge.

"The presence of artificially created false knowledge is a consequence of the following facts:

Most of the knowledge a modern person receives through training, and not personal experience;

Modern man lives in an artificial environment, the properties of which depend on the will of people and do not have such constancy and necessity as the laws of nature;

There is a possibility of targeted
information impact on the consciousness of people in this artificial environment.

In such conditions, it became possible to manipulate people's minds by spreading false knowledge. False knowledge is spread in most cases for selfish purposes.

The information disseminated by the media in any case affects the consciousness of people. It is impossible to determine where the manipulation of consciousness begins and where the inevitable impact of information on the public consciousness ends. Apparently, only a few can resist the all-penetrating information influence.

Information is "indifferent" to truth. But knowledge presupposes conformity to reality, to objective truth.

The conditions of modern life encourage ignoring the truth. Interests become a fetish of modern life: national interests, the interests of the state, the interests of individual organizations, individuals. But in reality, the interests of the elites, more precisely, the world elite, are being implemented. It implements its interests covertly, forming a favorable public opinion through the media.

If lies bring profit, lead to the assertion of power, those who are interested in obtaining these "benefits" are lying. If hatred, murder, cruelty meet someone's political interests, they are certainly encouraged.

Examples: Ukraine, ISIS.
Unfortunately, the world is still ruled by practicality, cynicism, barely covering the nudity of a purebred.

False knowledge creates in people's heads
inadequate picture of the world. The ideological "kitch" is being introduced into the mass consciousness. Even the intellectual elite is losing the culture of thinking.

We lose the ability to forgive, to love unselfishly. But we learn to shout, to splash out on others tubs of negative emotions. There are more and more of those who set themselves selfish goals and crawl over their heads to achieve them.

The Internet has created another problem - bloggers take over the minds of young people. Millions of young people are on Youtube watching videos of their idols. They live in a different world. They are not interested in what I wrote above ...

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

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PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION

"ACADEMY OF SOCIAL EDUCATION"

Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology

Department of Defectology and Educational Technologies

Essay

By social pedagogy

Topic: Man as a victim of socialization

Teacher

Sakhieva R.G.

Kazan 2015

Introduction

1. The concept of socialization

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Socialization this is a two-way process, which includes, on the one hand, the assimilation of social experience by the individual by entering the social environment, the system of social ties. Man is not only an object and subject of socialization. He can become her victim. This is due to the fact that the process and result of socialization contains an internal contradiction. Successful socialization presupposes, on the one hand, the effective adaptation of a person in society, and on the other hand, the ability to resist society to a certain extent, or rather, part of those life conflicts that hinder the development, self-realization, and self-affirmation of a person. A person does not remain passive in the process of socialization (both spontaneous, and relatively directed, and relatively socially controlled - upbringing). He shows a certain activity not only as a subject of socialization, but also being its object and even a victim.

1. The concept of socialization

The term " socialization”, despite its wide prevalence, does not have an unambiguous interpretation among various representatives of psychological science. In the system of domestic psychology, two more terms are used, which are sometimes proposed to be considered as synonyms for the word "socialization": "personal development" and "education". The process of socialization is a set of all social processes, thanks to which the individual acquires a certain system of norms and values ​​that allow him to function as a member of society.

Socialization this is a two-way process, which includes, on the one hand, the assimilation of social experience by the individual by entering the social environment, the system of social ties; on the other hand (often insufficiently emphasized in studies), the process of active reproduction by the individual of the system of social ties due to his vigorous activity, active inclusion in the social environment.

If we proceed from the thesis, understood in general psychology, that one is not born a person, one becomes a person, then it is clear that socialization in its content is a process of becoming a person, which begins from the first minutes of a person’s life.

2. Man as a victim of the process of socialization

In general, it should be noted that since a person is active in solving objective problems, in one way or another he is the creator of his life, he himself sets certain goals for himself, insofar as he can be considered as a subject of socialization.

Man is not only an object and subject of socialization. He can become her victim. This is due to the fact that the process and result of socialization contains an internal contradiction. Successful socialization presupposes, on the one hand, the effective adaptation of a person in society, and on the other hand, the ability to resist society to a certain extent, or rather, part of those life conflicts that hinder the development, self-realization, and self-affirmation of a person.

Thus, it can be stated that in the process of socialization there is an internal, completely insoluble conflict between the degree of adaptation of a person in society and the degree of his isolation in society. In other words, effective socialization implies a certain balance between adaptation in society and isolation in it.

A person who is fully adapted to society and not able to resist it to some extent, i.e. conformist, can be seen as a victim of socialization. At the same time, a person who is not adapted in society also becomes a victim of socialization - dissident(dissident), a delinquent, or somehow deviates from the way of life accepted in this society.

Any simulated society to some extent produces both types of victims of socialization. But we must bear in mind the following circumstance. A democratic society produces victims of socialization, mostly contrary to its goals. While a totalitarian society, even declaring the need for the development of a unique personality, in fact purposefully produces conformists and, as an inevitable side effect, persons who deviate from the norms imposed in it. Even the people necessary for the functioning of a totalitarian society - creators often become victims of socialization, because they are acceptable to it only as "spice", and not as individuals.

3. Man as a victim of adverse conditions of socialization

dangers influencing human development. Therefore, whole groups of people appear objectively, becoming or able to become

victims of adverse conditions of socialization. At each age stage of socialization, it is possible to identify the most typical dangers, the collision with which a person is most likely to face.

During fetal development: unhealthy parents, their drunkenness and (or) disorderly lifestyle, poor nutrition of the mother; negative emotional and psychological state of parents, medical errors, unfavorable ecological environment.

At preschool age (0-6): illness and physical injury; emotional dullness and (or) immorality of parents, ignoring the child by parents and its abandonment; family poverty; inhumanity of employees of children's institutions; peer rejection; antisocial neighbors and/or their children; video viewing.

At primary school age (6-10 years): immorality and (or) drunkenness of parents, stepfather or stepmother, family poverty; hypo- or hyper-custody; video viewing; poorly developed speech; unwillingness to learn; negative attitude of the teacher and (or) older children (attraction to smoking, drinking, stealing); physical injuries and defects; loss of parents rape, molestation.

In adolescence (11-14 years old): drunkenness, alcoholism, immorality of parents; family poverty; hypo- or hyper-custody; video viewing; computer games; mistakes of teachers or parents; smoking, substance abuse; rape, molestation; loneliness; physical injuries and defects; bullying from peers; involvement in antisocial and criminal groups; advance or delay in psychosexual development; frequent family moves; divorce of parents.

In early adolescence (15-17 years): antisocial family, family poverty; drunkenness, drug addiction, prostitution; early pregnancy; involvement in crime in crimes and totalitarian groups; rape; physical injuries and defects; obsessive delusions of dysmorphophobia (attributing to oneself a non-existent physical defect or defect); misunderstanding by others, loneliness; bullying from peers; failures in relationships with persons of the opposite sex; suicidal tendencies; discrepancies, contradictions between ideals, attitudes, stereotypes and real life; loss of life perspective.

In adolescence (18-23 years): drunkenness, drug addiction, prostitution; poverty, unemployment; rape, sexual failure, stress; involvement in illegal activities, in totalitarian groups; loneliness; the gap between the level of claims and social status; Military service; inability to continue education.

Whether a particular person will encounter any of these fears largely depends not only on objective circumstances, but also on his individual characteristics. Of course, there is a danger that any person can become a victim of, regardless of his individual characteristics, but even in this case, the consequences of a collision with them can be associated with the individual characteristics of a person.

4. Self-change of a person in the process of socialization

A person does not remain passive in the process of socialization (both spontaneous, and relatively directed, and relatively socially controlled - upbringing). He shows a certain activity not only as a subject of socialization, but also being its object and even a victim.

In any of these incarnations, he may feel or realize the need or desire to change something in himself in order to:

to a large extent meet the expectations and requirements of society, both positive and negative (in the form of an object);

resist to some extent the requirements of society, more effectively solve the problems that arise in his life, the age-related tasks facing him (in the hypostasis of the subject);

to avoid or overcome certain dangers, not to become a victim of certain unfavorable conditions and circumstances of socialization;

to more or less bring your image of the “existing I” (how a person sees himself in a given period of time) to the image of the “desired I” (how he would like to see himself).

That is, in the process of socialization, a person somehow changes himself.

Self-change - it is the process and result of more or less conscious, purposeful and successful efforts of a person, directed and successful efforts of a person aimed at becoming different (less often - completely, as a rule - partially).

Efforts can be directed at changing: one's appearance and physical qualities; personal properties; intellectual, volitional, need, expressive, spiritual, social sphere (knowledge. Skills, values, attitudes, etc.); behavioral scenarios; image and (or) lifestyle; attitudes towards oneself (self-assessments), relations with oneself (self-esteem, self-acceptance), attitude towards the world (world perception, worldviews - pictures of the world), relations with the world (aspects and methods of self-realization and self-affirmation).

5. Objective factors of turning a person into a victim of adverse conditions of socialization

Before considering the objective factors due to which a person can become a victim of unfavorable conditions of socialization, it is necessary to introduce the concept of “victimogenicity”, “victimization” and “victimization”.

Victimogenicity denotes the presence in certain objective circumstances of socialization of characteristics, traits, dangers, the influence of which can make a person a victim of these circumstances (for example, a victimogenic group, a victimogenic microsociety, etc.).

Victimization the process and result of the transformation of a person or group of people into one or another type of victim of adverse conditions of socialization.

Victimization characterized by the predisposition of a person to become a victim of certain circumstances.

But a caveat is needed here. Literally, victimhood means sacrifice, which is traditionally understood as a synonym for selflessness. Since in our case we are talking about people who can objectively become victims of something, and not sacrifice themselves to someone or something, it is more correct to interpret victimhood with the help of neologism sacrifice (author - psychologist A.S. Volovich). self-change socialization victimization adaptation

The objective factors that predetermine or contribute to the fact that certain groups or specific people become or may become victims of adverse conditions of socialization are numerous and multilevel.

Human victimization can be a factor natural - climatic conditions of a particular country, region, locality, settlement. As mentioned above, climate affects people's health in different ways. Harsh or unstable climatic conditions can have an undesirable and even detrimental effect on the physical development, health and psyche of a person. The ecological features of the area can lead to the formation of geopathic zones, in which some groups of residents develop a specific disease and (or) which negatively affect the psyche, leading to the appearance of depressive and more severe mental states in a number of people.

Detrimental to the physical development, health and psyche of a person is affected by unfavorable living conditions in a particular locality or settlement associated with environmental pollution- increased level of radiation, high noise level, gas contamination, etc.

Climatic and environmental conditions not only affect human health, but can lead to higher levels of criminal, antisocial, self-destructive behavior (alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide) than in other areas. This is confirmed by the situation typical for a number of regions of the North and the Far East,

Kemerovo region, Magnitogorsk, etc.

Human victimization factor can be society And state in which he lives. The presence of certain types of victims of adverse conditions of socialization, their diversity, quantitative, gender and age, socio-cultural characteristics of each type depend on many circumstances, some of which can be considered as directly victimogenic.

So, in any society there are disabled people and orphans, but the conditions for their socialization in life can vary greatly depending on the level of economic development and social policy of the state: investments in the sphere of social protection and public charity, systems of social rehabilitation, vocational training and employment, legislation, determining the rights of orphans and the disabled and the obligations towards them of public and state institutions (management bodies, public funds, industrial and commercial enterprises, etc.). Accordingly, both the status and the subjective state of orphans and the disabled depend on these circumstances.

In many countries there are large or small groups of migrants from other countries, as well as from village to city and from region to region, who, as already mentioned, can be considered as potential victims of socialization. But what part of them will become victims and what type (unemployed, alcoholics, criminals, etc.), to what extent they will feel like victims, depends on the level of socio-cultural development of society and state policy. In particular, the number of victims among migrants depends on the degree of tolerance (tolerance) of society to their cultural and socio-psychological characteristics, as well as on the system of measures for their economic support, socio-psychological and cultural adaptation to new living conditions for them.

In the history of various societies, there are catastrophes that result in the victimization of large groups of the population: wars (world, Korean, Vietnamese, Afghan, Chechen); natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, etc.); deportation of entire peoples or social groups (the so-called kulaks in the 30s of the twentieth century, Crimean Tatars and other peoples in the 40s to the USSR, Germans from East Prussia, the Student Region of Czechoslovakia to Germany in the 40s. etc.), etc. These catastrophes make those directly affected their own, while at the same time affecting the victimization of several generations of their descendants and society as a whole.

In psychology since the 40s. 20th century The problem of diagnosing and correcting negative psychological consequences arising from the impact on a person of a complex of stress factors, the source of which are various traumatic events, is being developed.

beyond the ordinary human experience (accidents, catastrophes, hostilities, violence). During the Second World War, a study of human stress responses due to his participation in hostilities was begun, which was further developed in connection with the wars in Korea and Vietnam. These and also the study of other experimental factors (accidents, natural disasters, etc.) showed that the state that develops in a person under their influence has specific features. The main feature of this condition is that it tends not only not to disappear with time, but becomes more and more pronounced, and also manifests itself suddenly against the background of the general external well-being of a person. The complex of symptoms that characterize this condition is called post-traumatic stress syndrome situations those. as a result of certain experimental circumstances or periods of socialization, a person developed a syndrome that makes him a victim of these circumstances. In the last decade, this problem has been studied by domestic scientists in connection with the Afghan war, the Chernobyl accident, and the earthquake in Armenia.

Among other things, victimization in these cases is associated with the emergence of not only mental trauma and borderline conditions, but also such social and socio-psychological phenomena as the emergence of "lost generations", i.e. with mass loss of social and personal identity, meaning of life and perspective, with the formation of the "Vietnamese syndrome", "Afghan syndrome", guilt complex(for example, the Germans after the war), victim complex(for example, among Armenians after the genocide at the beginning of the 20th century), etc.

The possible minimization of the consequences of such catastrophes in terms of victimization of their participants partly depends on the special efforts of society and the state. The restoration of destroyed settlements, the creation of normal living conditions is one of the activities of state and public structures. It is important to create a system of rehabilitation (medical, psychological, social) for the victims of the disaster (for example, to overcome the "Afghan syndrome").

Another option is the transformation of the socio-political system and the change in the socio-psychological atmosphere in society (as was the case in Germany and Japan after the war), the restoration of justice in relation to the deportees and their descendants.

Specific victimogenic factors are formed in societies experiencing a period of instability in their development. Thus, the previously noted rapid economic, political, social and ideological reorientation in Russia has led to the loss of individual and social identity of a number of representatives of the older population groups, to the formation of fundamentally new value orientations and life aspirations among the younger generations, and other equally existing consequences. As a result, the number of victims of unfavorable conditions of socialization of non-traditional types (offenders, drug addicts, prostitutes) has increased. Along with this, new types of victims appeared for Russia (both real and potential) as a result of mass migration from the former republics of the USSR, the emergence and growth of explicit and hidden unemployment, property stratification of society, etc.

The number and nature of victimization factors, the quantitative and qualitative level of victimization, attitudes towards victimized groups of the population, efforts to prevent and de-victimization are indicators of the humanity of society and state policy.

The factors of victimization of a person in entire population groups can be specific in which they live. And the matter is not limited to the already mentioned adverse environmental conditions, which, by the way, affect not only human health, but also his psyche, in particular, the level of aggressiveness, stress resistance and other characteristics. Of great importance are such characteristics of the settlement and microsociety as the economic conditions of life of the population, industrial and recreational infrastructure, socio-professional and demographic structures of the population, its cultural level, socio-psychological climate. These parameters determine the presence of types of victims of adverse conditions of socialization in a particular settlement and microsociety, the quantitative and demographic composition of each type, they also determine the categories of residents - potential victims.

So, in a small town, where most of the population is associated with one or two enterprises, their closure or re-profiling threatens mass unemployment. In cities with an undeveloped recreational infrastructure and a low cultural level of the population, there is a high possibility of mass alcoholization, immoral and illegal behavior. If among the inhabitants there is a high percentage of those released from places of detention (and there are areas where it exceeds 30), the socio-psychological climate is clearly anti-social and criminal in nature, which contributes to the emergence of a large number of outcasts, offenders, alcoholics, mentally traumatized, disabled people (because many who have served time return with poor health), etc., as well as a large number of people who combine the signs of various of the listed types of victims.

An objective factor in human victimization can be group peers, especially in adolescence, if it has a social, and even more so anti-social character. (But at other age stages, the possible victimizing role of the peer group should not be underestimated; both the group of pensioners, for example, can involve a person in drunkenness, and the group of neighbors or colleagues can contribute to the criminalization of a middle-aged person.)

Finally, a factor in the victimization of a person of any age, but especially of younger age groups, can be family. In a family, a certain type of victim can be formed, thanks to the mechanisms of socialization that are characteristic of it - itendifocation, imprinting, etc., so, in an incomplete family, several generations of women - man-haters can be formed, i.e. they will become owners of a certain mental complex, which will deprive them of the opportunity to create prosperous families.

Concluding the characterization of the objective factors of victimization, it should be recalled that at each age stage there are dangers, the collision with which can lead to the fact that a person becomes a victim of unfavorable conditions of socialization.

6. Some subjective prerequisites for turning a person into a victim of adverse conditions of socialization

The subjective prerequisites for whether or not a person becomes a victim of unfavorable conditions of socialization are, first and foremost, his individual characteristics both above the individual and at the personal level. The subjective education of a person as a victim also depends on this.

On individual The level of victimization of a person in certain circumstances depends, of course, on temperament and some other characteristic properties, on a genetic predisposition to self-destructive or deviant behavior.

On personal level, the predisposition to become a victim of certain unfavorable conditions of socialization depends on many personal characteristics that, under the same conditions, can contribute to or hinder victimization of a person. Such characteristics, in particular, include the degree of stability and flexibility of a person, the development of his reflection and self-regulation, his value orientations, etc.

The presence and development of these characteristics in a person largely depends on whether and to what extent he is able to resist and resist the various dangers that he faces, as well as the direct negative influence of others. So, an unstable person, with an underdeveloped reflection, can become a victim of indexing - direct suggestion. An example of this is the experience of involving people in various kinds of totalitarian organizations (political, criminal, quasi-religious). Their followers, induced by the leaders of these organizations, lead to the fact that the teacher-student relationship that initially develops between them turns into a master-slave relationship.

Of particular note is such a personal characteristic as externality - internality, i.e. the tendency of a person to attribute the causes of what is happening to him to circumstances or to take responsibility for the events of his life on himself. For example, Vietnam War veterans who did not experience difficulties with subsequent adaptation to world life and did not suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome, as a rule, were internals.

It is also important how a person is predisposed to respond to the impossibility of realizing the most significant needs for her, to the collapse of ideals and values, i.e. to how she, realizing a special form of activity, experiences critical life situations. On this depends its ability to transform its inner world, to rethink its existence, to acquire, through a reassessment of values, the meaningfulness of existence in changed conditions.

A person's subjective perception of himself as a victim is directly connected and largely determined by his personal characteristics.

Depending on these characteristics, victims of one type or another may or may not perceive themselves as such. So, some orphans and disabled people consider themselves victims, which determines their self-attitude and behavior, while others do not perceive, which naturally affects their self-attitude and behavior. The situation may be similar in the case of victims - some of them consider themselves deviant as victims, having a completely prosperous self-attitude (which cannot be said about their behavior). Others consider themselves victims of life circumstances, which determines their self-relationship, as well as their attitude towards life and people around them. Still others generally consider themselves "chosen", and this becomes the basis of their increased self-respect and contempt for others. Of course, the listed variants of subjective perception are determined not only by individual characteristics, but also by the attitude of the immediate environment, primarily reference groups, as well as age characteristics.

Thus, the study of children, adolescents and youths with physical musculoskeletal defects showed the following. Preschoolers, starting from the age of four, know that they are sick, that they have a physical defect. But they do not realize this, and therefore it does not affect their mental state and, in many respects, even their behavior. At seven or eight years of age, they realize that this can be specifically manifested in their behavior and in relationships with others. If they are offered some pleasant occupation, the defect is not remembered. If the occupation is not pleasant or they want something from them that does not suit them, they refer to their defect as a reason for not wanting to fulfill the order (that is, they do not worry about its presence, but they know how to speculate on it). In early youth, a physical defect becomes the basis for acute feelings, loss of life prospects (which is not observed in childhood and even in many adolescents), i.e. the young man is aware of his inferiority in comparison with others, he develops a sense of self as a victim (which is typical for half of the studied ).

Conclusion

Thus, it can be stated that in the process of socialization there is an internal, completely insoluble conflict between the degree of adaptation of a person in society and the degree of his isolation in society.

The socialization of specific people in any society takes place in various conditions, which are characterized by the presence of certain dangers influencing human development.

Self-change can have pro-social, anti-social and anti-social vectors. Climatic and environmental conditions not only affect human health, but can lead to higher levels of criminal, antisocial, self-destructive behavior (alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide) than in other areas. Human victimization factor can be society And state in which he lives. The factors of victimization of a person in entire population groups can be specific features of those settlements, specific micro-societies in which they live. A person's subjective perception of himself as a victim is directly connected and largely determined by his personal characteristics.

Bibliography

1. Kuzarinova N.V. Filatova.O. G. Khrenov. A. E. Sociology. Textbook for universities / Under the general editorship of Doctor of Philosophy, Professor G. S. Batygin. (Art. 165 - 170).

2. Mudrik A. V. Social pedagogy: A textbook for students of pedagogical universities / Under the editorship. V. A. Slastenina. - 3rd ed., Rev. and additional - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2000. - 200 p.

3. Andreeva G. M. Social psychology. Textbook for higher educational institutions. - M.: Aspect Press, 2001. - 376 p.

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The problem of human socialization today remains relevant, since the various transformations taking place in the world cover many areas of human life. Initially, the creation of the Internet was aimed at solving communication problems and issues of human interaction. It can be said that with the growth and development of information and communication technologies, such a phenomenon as cybersocialization (virtual socialization) has become an integral part of the socialization of the individual, since the global Internet covers all spheres of human life. Without leaving home, we can: order food, buy clothes, pay bills and even participate in large-scale events, spend leisure time. Undoubtedly, the virtualization of space can help the individual to meet a large number of needs. In addition, cybersocialization is the engine of technical and scientific progress in society. But despite the positive features of this phenomenon, one cannot but say about its possible risks, which can lead to rather disastrous consequences. Young people make up 96% of the total number of Internet users according to the latest data. Therefore, it is one of those groups that are more exposed to the risks of cybersocialization.

Traditionally, socialization is viewed as a process of becoming a subject of society, as a process and result of the assimilation and active reproduction of social experience by an individual, primarily a system of social roles. In turn, cybersocialization is understood as the process of socialization of an individual in cyberspace. This is the process of changes in the structure of a person's self-consciousness, which occurs under the influence and as a result of the use of modern information and computer technologies in the context of life. The process of virtual socialization Luchinkina A.I. divides into three stages: pre-inert, initial and main. The pre-inert stage is characterized by the formation of ideas about the Internet, obtaining information about it. At the initial stage, a person has motives and needs that are easier for him to satisfy in the virtual space. At the main stage, a person acts not only as a recipient, but also as a producer of information.

The risks of cybersocialization themselves, which are identified by a number of authors, can be divided into two large groups: psychological risks and social risks. This division is due to the fact that this or that risk of virtual socialization of the individual is more able to influence.

The psychological risk group includes, firstly, information overload and psycho-emotional stress. This is due to the huge amount of information that a person receives during the day. The reason for this is the inability of many people to filter the information they receive. In addition, there is no system in the flow of information received, that is, we absorb data from various sources randomly.

Secondly, a violation of the level of self-awareness can be attributed to this group of risks. As Pleshakov V.A. notes, the virtual world does not carry any danger for many (it is not as stressful as other factors of the socializing real environment): it does not require mandatory responsibility for one's actions

Thirdly, in the process of cybersocialization, there may be a threat of manipulative influence on a person. Manipulation is a way of domination by spiritual influence on people through the programming of their behavior. For successful manipulation, a false reality is needed, where various methods of influencing the human psyche will not be felt. Today, the ideal environment for manipulation is virtual reality. When a person is focused on something, it is easier for him to inspire something. During a cybersession, a person fixes his attention on the monitor screen. This moment is the most favorable for the manipulation of his consciousness.

Fourth, spending too much time on the Internet can lead to social autism. Ivanova D.I. Authenticity is understood as the ability of a person to refuse various social roles in communication and allow to show genuine thoughts, emotions and behavior peculiar only to this person. . The Internet serves as a means of self-construction of a person and contributes to the development of personality authenticity. Thus, being passive in social life, it is active in virtual reality. An example of this is the high activity of young people in social networks. It is noted that it is much easier to communicate in the virtual space than in reality. One of the reasons for such popularity of communication resources is a pronounced trend of individualization, partial loss of traditional social ties, an increase in the number of formal contacts between people while reducing the share of "quality communication".

Fifthly, such a person may have the illusion of constant involvement in interaction, the absence of psychological barriers. There are a number of specific features of virtual communication. Sirota E.Yu. highlights the following: anonymity; soveobraznoe course of interpersonal perception; voluntariness and desirability of contacts; difficulty of the emotional component; desire for atypical, non-normative behavior. We note the negative aspects of some of these features. With anonymity, a person is able to show excessive freedom in statements and his own irresponsibility.

With a peculiar flow of interpersonal perception, stereotypes that manifest themselves in anticipation of the desired qualities of the interlocutor have a huge influence.

The difficulty of the emotional component is manifested in the impossibility of conveying important feelings and experiences in the message. Because of what, special icons and symbols appear that are able to convey some of the emotions in the message. But unfortunately, this leads to the degradation of the language. Often, young people cannot express their thoughts competently in direct communication.

It should also be noted that during virtual communication, young people tend to show themselves from the other side, that is, what they are not in reality. Because of this freedom, they may exhibit behavior that is atypical for them in the real world. More often than not, this behavior is abnormal. This is atypical, non-normative behavior.

Sixth, there is a mixture of virtual and real worlds. A manifestation of this is the transfer of a behavior model from the virtual world to the real one, the simplification of the real world. This phenomenon can be observed in the example of the understanding of beauty. Dubovitskaya D.I. notes that the understanding of biological beauty includes health, the ability to procreate, but today's understanding of beauty includes unnatural images, which are the exact opposite of physical beauty. The social risks of virtual socialization include:

1. Violation of the basic functions of socialization. The main functions include ensuring continuity in development, the transmission of culture from generation to generation. This affects the level of culture and spiritual development of the modern generation. In the conditions of cybersocialization, there is a departure from traditions. This, in turn, leads to a violation of the ethnic identity of the individual. There is a blurring of the boundaries of such important concepts as good and evil, morality and immorality, duty, conscience, etc.

2) Some elements of virtual socialization contribute to the emergence of aggressive forms of behavior in certain individuals. A number of authors believe that this is the basis for youth radicalism. One of the factors in the development of aggression are network games. The attitude to network games in the modern world is ambiguous. There are both positive and negative effects of participating in this kind of activity. Pleshakov V.A. notes gamers have developed strategic thinking and cognitive abilities. Also, for some people who play online games, the process itself helps to get rid of stress. But along with this, cyber-addiction may arise. In addition, with the systematic participation in such games, there are significant changes in the mind of the adept. He can identify himself with the character of the game and borrow from him some traits and features that are characteristic only for the virtual world. In reality, due to the inability to satisfy his own needs, he begins to show aggressive behavior. And due to information insecurity, such a person is at risk of being involved in various criminal groups or extremist movements.

3) As already mentioned, there is a lot of unsystematized information on the Internet. Of course, there is information of dubious content here. On December 29, 2010, Federal Law No. 436-FZ “On the Protection of Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development” was adopted. This law regulates the safe use of various media products. Information of dubious content includes information that is harmful to the health and (or) development of children. This law is effective for television, radio, print. But in the conditions of the Internet space, it does not work. We can find a huge amount of information that will teach us, for example, how to make drugs at home or pornographic information. Of course, if it is proved that a person is a producer and distributor of this information, he will be punished accordingly. But after all, the video or article has already hit the Internet, they have managed to be viewed. And this means that they managed to negatively affect society.

4) The next risk of virtual socialization is a violation of the process of including an individual as a capable subject in the system of social relations. A person in the virtual world can satisfy his needs without spending much effort. It is easier for him to realize himself there than in reality. Rostovtseva M.V., Mashanov A.A. and Khokhrina Z.V. believe that the consequence of this is an increase in the level of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide and unemployment.

Separately, we want to highlight the following risk of cybersocialization: virtual reality is a favorable environment for the formation and activation of various forms of deviant behavior. Each of the above risks can lead to destructive forms of social activity. Moreover, deviant behavior, caused precisely because of the negative factors of cybersocialization, can manifest itself both in the real world and in the virtual one.

There are deviations, the implementation of which is possible only in the virtual world (for example, cyber addiction). Cyber ​​addiction has several forms of manifestation. Steinborm M.A. believes that the reason for the obsessive desire to spend time on the Web is "a feature of digital computer information that can cause a complex set of positive emotions that are in short supply in modern society" . Based on her research, she came to the conclusion that women are most susceptible to addiction to social networks and other communication resources, since in real life they have more communication problems than men.

Rodionova A.S. in her study of the features of the emotional intelligence of people with Internet addiction, she came to the conclusion that "the features of the emotional intelligence of Internet addicts are a low ability to manage their emotions and insufficient self-motivation" . Other researchers have also identified a number of psychological characteristics of Internet addicts: low self-esteem and difficulty in direct interaction. These characteristics arise both as a result of unsuccessful socialization in everyday life, and as a result of Internet socialization.

In the process of Internet socialization, a certain type of personality is formed. It is characterized by the following features: constant communication and information interaction; such a person has a specific Net-thinking; she has special phobias that appear only in the Internet space. Typical Internet phobias include: nomophobia (fear of being left without a connection); Internet chronophobia (fear of wasting time on the Internet); likephobia (fear of collecting few likes for your post on social networks); loginophobia (fear of forgetting to log out on someone else's phone or computer); ignorophobia (fear of an unanswered but viewed message) and a number of other fears. A personality with the same set of qualities L.Sh. Krupennikova, V.I. Kurbatov is called a virtual personality.

The presence of risks means the need for their possible prevention. But cyberspace is an integral part of modern man. Therefore, it is unreasonable to propose isolating a person from the Internet as a prevention of possible negative consequences, and in practice it would not be realistic to do this, because the further development of society without modern information and communication technologies is impossible. Currently, scientists are developing a cyberpedagogical concept. Pleshakov V.A. understands cyberpedagogy as “an innovative branch of psychological and pedagogical thought that scientifically substantiates specially organized purposeful and systematic activities for cyber education, cyber education and cyber education of a modern person in the process of his cyber socialization by means of modern information and communication technologies” .

So, as we can see, the range of risks of cybersocialization of the individual is quite wide. The global Internet is a chaotic set of information. Spending an uncontrollable amount of time on the Web, the individual blurs the boundaries between the real and virtual worlds; he is able to transfer behavior patterns from cyberspace into his daily life. In the network, he can satisfy the needs that are important to him. In connection with a significant set of risks of Internet socialization, develop special pedagogical programs to prevent possible negative consequences. It is necessary to take certain measures to cyber-educate young people in order to minimize these risks, to teach them how to filter and process the information received. In addition, do not forget that the Internet today is one of the ways of self-realization and self-expression of a person. Of course, cybersocialization is closely related to socialization in real life; they mutually influence each other. Therefore, in cyber education, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of each type of socialization.

The socialization of a person depends on the conditions around him. Depending on them, he can turn into a victim of circumstances. The consequences of such negative socialization are varied. They need to be studied, known and taken into account, providing prevention and overcoming the consequences.

As a result of studying chapter 11, the student should:

know

  • concept, essence and content of socio-pedagogical victimology;
  • the main prerequisites for turning a person into a victim of adverse conditions of socialization and their prevention;
  • the essence of a difficult (victim) life situation for the child and the need to provide him with social and pedagogical assistance;

be able to

  • take into account the basic prerequisites for turning a person into a victim of adverse conditions of socialization;
  • take into account the emergence of a difficult (victim) life situation for the child and the need to provide him with social and pedagogical assistance;

own

  • ways of taking into account the prerequisites for turning a person into a victim of adverse conditions of socialization;
  • ways of taking into account the prerequisites for the emergence of a difficult (victim) life situation for the child and the need to provide him with social and pedagogical assistance.

Socio-pedagogical victimology: its essence and content

In social pedagogy, the problems associated with the unfavorable socialization of a person are studied by victimology.

Under socio-pedagogical victimology is understood as a branch of knowledge that studies real or potential victims of adverse conditions of socialization, their development and education, as well as the prevention and overcoming of the consequences of desocialization.

Thus, victimology as a branch of socio-pedagogical knowledge studies:

  • - the concept of socio-pedagogical victimology, its essence and content;
  • - a person as a subject or object of socio-pedagogical victimization;
  • - socio-pedagogical victimization as a process of human desocialization;
  • - victimogenic factors (dangers) of the process of human socialization depending on age, gender, environment of upbringing (family, foster family, residential institution), other characteristics;
  • - general and special goals, content, principles, forms and methods of socio-pedagogical activities for the prevention of desocialization, minimizing its negative consequences;
  • - general and specific goals, content, principles, forms and methods of socio-pedagogical activity but stimulating social development, socialization of people of different ages with physical, mental, social disabilities, prevention of secondary deviations, their minimization, leveling, compensation and correction at the interdisciplinary level ;
  • - types of victimized people of different ages, sensitivity of a particular gender, age to certain victimogenic factors and dangers;
  • - socio-pedagogical and psychological recommendations for the prevention of victimization;
  • - the reasons for a person's perception of himself as a victim of socialization, predicting his further development and the possibility of assisting in the correction of self-perception if resocialization is necessary;
  • - the possibility of preventing and overcoming various types of victimization in everyday conditions of human socialization.

A person (a group of people) acts as both a subject and an object of victimization.

Subject of victimization- this is a person (group) that differs (differs) in its victim (overwhelming, disorganizing, destructive) possibilities of influencing a particular person. The subject contributes to victimization (social deformation, desocialization). He acts as victimizer(victimizing; encroaching on the well-being of the socialization of another). His purposeful actions introduce the object into the state of the victim, the result of which is maladaptation and negative desocialization. The position of the victimizer is externally destructive.

The roles of victimizer and victim can be:

  • - pronounced (defined): for example, in case of hazing between military personnel; hostage taking; purposeful violence of one person over another);
  • - not outwardly expressed (not pronounced): for example, the joint activity of people experiencing psychological incompatibility, when one psychologically suppresses the other, makes him withdrawn, unable to concentrate, actively express himself in activity.

A real example of the victimizing influence of a teacher on a child - a primary school student is given by Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky(1918–1970) in the article "Difficult Children". He emphasized that there are children who are especially sensitive. They are excited by school bustle - running around, noise, especially the teacher's cry, even when he does not apply to him. The student is numb from screaming. Fear binds the child so much that he does not even hear his own name. The speech of the teacher loses its meaning for him, he cannot understand what he is talking about. It happens that 15-20 minutes of the lesson fall out of the mind of the student. He continues to mechanically do what he did until the time when fear deafened, stunned his consciousness. From time to time the teacher's cry is addressed directly to him. If only the teacher knew that in those moments when he approaches, the boy's legs tremble!

Object of victimization- this is a person who has been exposed (currently being exposed) to the influence of certain factors, conditions, situations, actions of the offender, which adversely affected (affects) his socialization and determines his maladaptation and desocialization (leading to maladaptation and desocialization). He becomes victim of socialization – victimized (victimized) person.

A certain category of people, in their condition and originality, tends to become a victim of certain life circumstances leading to maladjustment, social deviations, and desocialization. They most often become the object of victimization.

As a rule, such people are distinguished by social or other deviations, a negative, aggressive environment of life, relationships with a specific, most often criminal, environment, playing a certain role in a crime (an accomplice - a witness), as well as personal qualities (gambling, greed), character traits (aggressiveness, irascibility) and behavior (arrogance, cowardice), creating a favorable internal environment for victimization. At the same time, among them there are people whose individual characteristics can lead to the fact that a completely prosperous person considers himself a failure, unhappy, treats himself as a victim of life circumstances. This state is the most favorable for victimization.

In the literature, the following types of victimization:

  • – personal - as a set of socio-psychological properties of a person, which determine its predisposition to become a victim of failure in something, to be influenced by a person of a destructive nature;
  • – group- as a destructive effect of the group on its members. It can take place in the crowd, children's "flock", as well as various youth and other informal negative associations that carry destructive potential and manifestation;
  • – universal- determined by the existence of crime in society, which objectively puts any person in the position of a potential victim.

There are many victims of victimization. They are conditionally divided into real, potential and latent, which include different types (categories) of people.

Real victims of victimization- these are people who, as a result of their originality, are already in a state characterized as desocialization. This group includes:

  • - people with disabilities;
  • - disabled;
  • - with psycho-somatic defects and deviations;
  • – social orphans, street children.

Potential victims of victimization- these are people who, due to certain reasons, can have negative consequences of socialization. This group includes:

  • - children, adolescents, young men with borderline mental states and character accentuations;
  • - children with a depressive position that makes them vulnerable. Something constantly happens to them - either an icicle falls on them, or they are appointed "scapegoats" in a kindergarten or school. A series of failures develops into a pessimistic line of life. A person, as it were, tries to punish himself for the sins, the oppression of which he accepted from his parents, by means of external and internal forces;
  • – children of migrants, people forced to move from country to country, from region to region, etc.;
  • - children born in families with low economic, moral, educational and cultural levels;
  • - mestizos and representatives of other national groups in places of compact residence of another ethnic group;
  • - children brought up in state and non-state institutions, in foster and guardian families, whose conditions do not meet the needs of their social development and socialization.

Latent victims of victimization- these are those who could not realize the inclinations inherent in them due to the objective circumstances of socialization. These can be normally developed people who find themselves in a difficult life situation or a negative environment for socialization, and they are not able to resist the influence of which. This group includes highly gifted people whose socialization conditions are not sufficient for the development and realization of their giftedness, which neither they nor their relatives even suspect.

These groups of victims are not always represented in their pure form. Often, primary defects, deviations from the norm, or some objective circumstance (a dysfunctional family, orphanhood, disability) cause secondary changes in a person's development, form an inadequate or defective attitude towards the world and oneself. Often there is a superposition of several adverse factors. For example:

  • – disability and unfavorable living environment;
  • - many orphans, graduates of orphanages (most of them are social orphans, i.e. without parents or close relatives) become outcasts of society (according to statistics, up to 30% of them become homeless, up to 20% - offenders, up to 10% commit suicide).

Thus, socio-pedagogical victimology makes it possible to understand the essence of the phenomenon, the types and features of the manifestation of victimization. It is necessary to reveal the most characteristic factors influencing this process and the possibilities of its prevention and overcoming.

  • Cm.: Sukhomlinsky V. A. Difficult children // Domestic social pedagogy: reader / comp. L. V. Mardakhaev. M., 2003. S. 375–376.

The reality is that every society, without exception, faces certain dangers that the world around us is fraught with. They have different sources of origin, differ in their nature and intensity, but they are united by the fact that if they are ignored, the consequences can be catastrophic. Even the most insignificant social threat at first glance can lead to a popular revolt, armed conflicts, and even to the disappearance of a country from the map of the Earth.

Definition of "danger"

To understand what it is, you must first define the term. "Danger" is one of the fundamental categories of the science of life safety. In addition, it should be noted that most authors agree that threats, along with ways to protect against them, are the subject of study of the same science.

According to S.I. Ozhegov, danger is the possibility of something bad, some kind of misfortune.

Such a definition is very conditional and does not reveal the full complexity of the concept under consideration. For a comprehensive analysis, it is necessary to give the term a deeper definition. Danger in a broad sense can be interpreted as real or potential phenomena, processes or events that can really harm each individual, a certain group of people, the entire population of a particular country or the world community as a whole. This harm can be expressed in the form of material damage, destruction of spiritual and moral values ​​and principles, degradation and involution of society.

The term "danger" should not be confused with "threat". Although they are related concepts, “threat” refers to the openly expressed intent of a person to harm another person physically or materially or society as a whole. Thus, this is a danger passing from the stage of probability to the stage of reality, that is, already acting, existing.

Object and subject of danger

When considering hazards, it is necessary to take into account the interaction of their subject, on the one hand, and the object, on the other.

The subject is its carrier or source, which is represented by individuals, the social environment, the technical sphere, and also nature.

Objects, in turn, are those that are subject to a threat or danger (individual, social environment, state, world community).

It should be noted that a person can be both a subject and an object of danger at the same time. Moreover, it has an obligation to ensure security. In other words, he is her "regulator".

Hazard classification

To date, there are about 150 names of potential hazards, and this, according to some authors, is far from a complete list. In order to develop the most effective measures that would prevent or at least reduce their negative consequences and negative impact on a person, it is advisable to systematize them. The classification of hazards is one of the central topics of discussion among specialists. However, numerous heated debates up to the present time have not brought the expected results - a generally accepted classification has not been developed.

According to one of the most complete typologies, there are the following types of hazards.

Depending on the nature of origin:

  • natural, due to natural phenomena and processes, features of the relief, climatic conditions;
  • environmental, due to any changes occurring in the natural environment that adversely affect its quality;
  • anthropogenic, resulting from human activity and its direct impact on the environment through the use of various technical means;
  • technogenic, arising in response to the production and economic activities of people at objects related to the technosphere.

Intensity is distinguished:

  • dangerous;
  • very dangerous.

In terms of scope, there are:

  • local (within a specific area);
  • regional (within a specific region);
  • interregional (within several regions);
  • global, affecting the whole world.

By duration note:

  • periodic or temporary;
  • permanent.

According to the perception by the human senses:

  • felt;
  • not felt.

Depending on the number of people at risk:

  • individual;
  • group;
  • massive.

What can be said about the classification of social dangers

Social dangers, or as they are also called public, are heterogeneous in nature. However, there is one feature that unites them all: they carry a threat to a huge number of people, even if at first glance it seems that they are directed directly at a specific person. For example, a person, taking drugs, dooms not only himself to suffering, but also his relatives, relatives and friends, who are forced to live in fear because of the "vice" of a person they care about and love.

Threats are numerous, which necessitates their orderliness. A generally accepted classification does not exist today. At the same time, one of the most common typologies notes the following types of social dangers.

  1. Economic - poverty, hyperinflation, unemployment, mass migration, etc.
  2. Political - separatism, excessive manifestation of nationalism, chauvinism, the problem of national minorities, national conflicts, extremism, genocide, etc.
  3. Demographic - the growth of the planet's population at a tremendous pace, illegal migration, which is currently reaching terrifying proportions, overpopulation in some countries, on the one hand, and the extinction of nations, on the other, the so-called social diseases, which include, for example, tuberculosis and AIDS and others
  4. Family - alcoholism, homelessness, prostitution, domestic violence, drug addiction, etc.

Alternative classification of social hazards

They can be classified according to a number of other principles.

By nature, there are social dangers:

  • affecting the human psyche (cases of blackmail, extortion, fraud, theft, etc.);
  • relating to physical violence (cases of banditry, racketeering, terror, robbery, etc.);
  • generated by the storage, use and distribution of narcotic or other psychoactive substances (drugs, alcohol, tobacco products, prohibited smoking mixtures, etc.);
  • arising mainly as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse (AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.).

By sex and age, there are dangers characteristic of:

  • children;
  • teenagers;
  • men/women;
  • elderly people.

Depending on the preparation (organization):

  • planned;
  • involuntary.

Knowing the types of hazards is important. This will allow you to take timely measures to prevent them or quickly eliminate them.

Sources and causes of social dangers

The health and life of people can be threatened not only by natural hazards, but also by social ones. Attention should be paid to all types, since ignoring them can lead to disastrous consequences. Sources of danger are also called prerequisites, the main of which are various events taking place in society and an economic nature. These processes, in turn, are not spontaneous, but are conditioned by the actions of a person, that is, by his actions. Certain actions depend on the level of intellectual development of a person, his prejudices, moral and moral values, the totality of which ultimately determines and outlines his line of behavior in the family, group and society. Wrong behavior, or rather deviant, is a deviation from the norm and creates a real threat to others. Thus, it can be argued that the imperfection of human nature is one of the most important sources of social dangers.

Often the causes of social dangers, unrest, developing into conflicts, lie in the need or lack of something. These include, for example, a pathological lack of money, lack of adequate living conditions, lack of attention, respect and love from close and dear people, the impossibility of self-realization, lack of recognition, the ever-growing problem of inequality in society, ignoring and unwillingness of the authorities to understand and solve difficulties, faced daily by the population of the country, etc.

Considering the causes of social threats, it is necessary to rely on the principle that “everything affects everything”, that is, the sources of danger are everything animate and inanimate, threatening people or nature in all its diversity.

Summarizing the above, we can conclude that the main sources of danger are:

  • processes, as well as phenomena that are of natural origin;
  • elements that make up the technogenic environment;
  • actions and deeds of a person.

The reasons why some objects suffer more and others do not suffer at all depend on the specific properties of those objects.

What is the social danger of crime?

The figures showing the annual increase in crime in the world are simply amazing and involuntarily make you think about the meaning of life. Any person, regardless of gender, age, race or religion, can become a victim of illegal, violent actions. Here we are talking more about the case, and not about the regularity. Realizing the seriousness of the situation and the responsibility that adults bear for the life and health of children, they try to explain to their children in as much detail as possible what the social danger of crime is, what negligence or frivolity can turn into. Every child must be aware that a crime is a deliberate act directed against one person or group of persons. It is socially dangerous, and the offender who committed the crime must be punished accordingly.

In the classical sense, crime is the most dangerous manifestation of deviant behavior that causes significant damage to society. Crime, in turn, is an act of encroachment on the address of the law - these are not natural dangers. They do not arise due to natural phenomena beyond the control of man, but consciously come from the individual and are directed against him. Crime "flourishes" in a society dominated by the poor, vagrancy is common, the number is growing, and drug addiction, alcoholism and prostitution are not perceived by most of society as something out of the ordinary.

The main types of socially dangerous crimes

Crimes are undoubtedly serious social dangers. notes the following most common crimes that have a negative impact on the environment: terror, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape.

Terror is violence with the use of physical force up to and including death.

Fraud is a crime, the essence of which is taking possession of another's property through deceit.

Robbery is a crime, the purpose of which is also the taking of another's property. However, unlike fraud, robbery involves the use of violence that is dangerous to the health or life of people.

Blackmail is a crime that involves the threat of exposing a person in order to obtain from him various kinds of material or intangible benefits.

Rape is a crime that is a forced sexual act during which the victim is in a helpless state.

Brief description of the main types of social dangers

Recall that social dangers include: drug addiction, alcoholism, venereal diseases, terror, fraud, robbery, blackmail, rape, etc. Let's consider these threats to public order in more detail.

  • Drug addiction is one of the strongest human addictions. Addiction to such substances is a serious disease, almost untreatable. An individual who uses drugs, in a state of such intoxication, does not give an account of his actions. His mind is clouded and his movements are slow. In a moment of euphoria, the line between reality and dream is erased, the world seems beautiful, and life is rosy. The stronger this feeling, the faster the habituation. However, drugs are not cheap “pleasure”. In search of funds to purchase the next dose, the addict is capable of theft, extortion, robbery for profit, and even murder.
  • Alcoholism is a disease that occurs as a result of addiction to alcoholic beverages. An alcoholic is characterized by a gradual mental degradation associated with the appearance of a number of specific diseases. The peripheral and central nervous system suffer significantly. An alcoholic condemns not only himself, but his entire family to torment.
  • Venereal diseases - AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, etc. Their social danger lies in the fact that they spread with great speed and threaten the health and life of not only the directly ill, but humanity as a whole. Among other things, patients often hide from others the truth about their state of health, irresponsibly have sexual intercourse with them, thereby spreading the infection at a tremendous pace.

Protection from social dangers

In his daily life, a person inevitably faces certain threats. Today we consider social dangers. BZD, that is, protection from them, is one of the most important functions of any state. Officials, other statesmen are obliged to ensure the safety of the population, which has delegated the right of government to them. Their immediate responsibilities include the development and implementation of measures, as well as preventive measures, the purpose of which is to prevent or eliminate various kinds of dangers. Practice has shown that ignoring or neglecting social threats leads to the fact that the situation in society is significantly aggravated, becomes practically uncontrollable and passes over time into an extreme stage, acquiring features and characteristics Social dangers lie in wait for humanity everywhere. Examples of the life of drug addicts, alcoholics, criminals should always remind us that we are responsible for what is happening around and are obliged to help the needy and the disadvantaged as far as possible. Only by working together can we make the world a better place.