Soil habitat presentation on ecology. Soil as a living environment
"Organism and environmental factors" - Separate environmental factors in natural conditions do not act in isolation, but collectively. After 5-6 hours after the pressure of 1000 atm was removed, sea anemones returned to normal life, after 10-12 hours - starfish. Oligotypes of the listed factors have values below the given values, polytypes - above. For example, the littoral crustaceans Supsinneumsht respond to changes in pressure up to 0.01 atm, which corresponds to a depth difference of 10 cm.
"Environment biology" - Organism environment. Ground-air environment. Task 1 Which habitat would you classify the following organisms as? Hydrobionts. 3. Endobionts. Abiotic factors (inanimate nature). Soil environment. Task 2 Which habitat would you classify the following organisms as? Water environment. Aerobionts. The study of different habitats of organisms.
"Water environment" - Look for water where cattail grows. Today we will learn: Angustifolia cattail. Bulrush. Review questions: Lesson topic: Aquatic environment. Comparison of living conditions in different environments. Inhabitants of the aquatic environment.
"Abiotic factors" - Humidity. Cold-blooded organisms (invertebrates and many vertebrates). The optimal temperature regime for organisms is from 15 to 30 degrees However, .... Temperature. Basic abiotic factors. Plants: drought-resistant - moisture-loving and aquatic Animals: aquatic - enough water in food. Abiotic environmental factors.
"Communities of water" - 2. Natural history, grade 5. In the ocean: The community of the water column. 7. Algae. Nekton - actively swimming. Plankton. Beamers. 6. Crustaceans. 5. Portuguese boat and sailboat. How to stay on the surface of the water? Crab. 8. Fish. 4. Sea duck. Flat as a raft body. 3.
"Organism and Habitat" - Lesson Plan: Definition: Habitat - a set of conditions in which an organism lives. How will you behave in the forest? Give your examples of the negative impact of humans on living organisms. Exercise. Issues for discussion. Abiotic (Light, water, temperature). Aquatic habitat. And in another natural area?
In total there are 7 presentations in the topic
1. Program: I.M. Shvets, Ecology of Animals Grade 7 / Ecological component of the biology course in elementary school: Collection of programs. - M .: Ventana-Graf, 2006
Textbook Animal Ecology: 7 cells. : manual for students of educational institutions / [V.G. Babenko, D.V. Bogomolov and others] ; ed. Dr. Biol. Sciences prof. N.M. Chernova. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2009. - 128 p.
3. Theme of the lesson: "Soil as a habitat for animals"
4. Topic under study: "Animal world of the soil"
5. Type of lesson: combined.
6. The purpose of the lesson is to create conditions for the formation of students' ideas about the soil as a habitat for animals.
Tutorials:
1) to acquaint students with the animal world of the soil, the adaptations of animals to life in the soil;
2) show the importance of animals for the soil and vice versa;
3) concretize knowledge about the soil as a learning environment
Developing: promote development
1) mental functions of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization in solving cognitive problems;
2) general educational skills: use the text of a textbook, educational film, draw up diagrams, tables
3) communication skills: oral monologue speech (with an individual answer) and dialogue / polylogue (when discussing the issue in a group).
Educational: promote the formation
2) general educational and subject motivation (why do I need to study this topic?);
3) a positive attitude to the situation of testing knowledge (the possibility of a joint solution to the problem, the feasibility of the task) in order to reduce the anxiety of students in the classroom
7. Teaching method - partly search, problematic, reproductive.
8. Form of organization of the lesson: conversation, work with the text of the textbook, educational film
9. Teaching tools: cognitive tasks, tests, multimedia textbook "Natural Science 5th grade". Publishing house "Drofa". 2005, textbook “Animal Ecology. Grade 7", multimedia projector
10. Forms of organization of students' activities: frontal, individual, group, pair
11. Learning technologies: elements of problem-based learning, elements of critical thinking, cluster, cooperative learning, graphical presentation of information, student-centered learning
12. Lesson timing:
Organizational moment 1 min
Goal setting 2 min
Checking homework 10 min
Learning new material 17 min
Fixing 11 min
Presentation and discussion of homework 1 min
Summing up the lesson 2 min
Reflection 1 min
I. Organizational stage.
Mutual greeting of students and teachers, fixing those absent, checking the readiness of students for the lesson. We will try to work actively, we collect, as always, points throughout the lesson, at the end, based on the results, we get the appropriate assessment:
"5" ≥ 21 "4" ≥ 16 "3" ≥ 11
Remember the rules of conduct.
II. Goal setting.
Spade said:
Earth - to dig.
boots said:
Earth - to walk.
And the people said:
The earth is to live. A. Tetivkin
What land are we talking about? (about soil)
What do you think the topic of our lesson is? What will we talk about, what will we study?
Today, the object of our study will be the soil as a habitat for animals.
[Rectangular callout: Properties]
The purpose of the lesson is to get acquainted with the soil as a habitat for animals, but first, remember the homework
III. Checking homework.
Adaptations of animals to life in fresh water
living conditions
Animal adaptations
Animal names
hiding under rocks
flattened body shape, sharp claws of the paws cling to stones
mayfly larvae (invertebrates)
elongated streamlined body, well-developed muscles
Lack of oxygen in stagnant warm waters
swallow atmospheric air
pass it through the intestines
bindweed, catfish callicht
gas exchange in the mouth
cockerels, macropods, laliuses, gourami
peculiar lungs
protopters, horntooths, lepidosirens
Water bodies dry up in hot climates
crawls into another body of water with the help of pectoral fins and sharp edges of gill covers
creeper fish
forms a clay capsule, burrowing into the silt
protopter
caviar is stored in a dried state for a year
notobrach
And so, to summarize: What abiotic factors affect animals in any habitat?
IV. Learning new material.
There is a world hidden from us, inaccessible to direct observation, a kind of world of animals in the soil. There is eternal darkness, you cannot penetrate there without violating the natural structure of the soil. And only a few, accidentally noticed signs show that under the surface of the soil among the roots of plants there is a rich and diverse world of animals. This is sometimes evidenced by mounds above mole burrows, holes in gopher burrows in the steppe or burrows of sand martins in a cliff above a river, heaps of earth on a path thrown out by earthworms, and they themselves, crawling out after rain, as well as masses suddenly appearing literally from under the ground. winged ants or fat larvae of May beetles that come across in the ground.
What is soil?
Soil is the most superficial layer of land on the globe, resulting from changes in rocks under the influence of living and dead organisms (vegetation, animals, microorganisms), solar heat and precipitation. This is an important and complex component of the biosphere, closely related to its other parts.
The depth of the soil layer is different. In some places it is thin, only 3-4 cm, in others it reaches several meters. The soil layer, like a cover, covers the land of our planet. In the same place where rocks come to the surface of our planet, this cover does not exist at all.
To remember what it consists of, you solve the crossword puzzle using page 61 (paragraph 2-3) of the textbook. We work in pairs. 2 minutes
Crossword questions:
A plastic substance that holds water well (clay).
One of the constituent parts of the soil, which is a good baking powder (sand).
A liquid substance necessary for the life and development of plants (water).
Organic mass obtained from the remains of plants and animals, which increases fertility (humus).
Nutrients that are formed from humus under the action of microorganisms (mineral).
A substance that helps plant roots to breathe (air).
Soil liquid matter (water)
Independent work with the textbook. Now try to make a diagram using page 61 (paragraph 2-3) of the textbook. 2 minutes
What determines soil density? fertility?
The number of organisms in the soil is huge. In the soil of central Russia, per 1 m2, you can find up to 1 thousand species of soil inhabitants that differ greatly in number: up to 1 million ticks and springtails, hundreds of centipedes, insect larvae, earthworms, about 50 million roundworms, the number of the simplest ones are even difficult to evaluate.
Ecological groups of soil organisms
According to the degree of connection with the habitat in the soil, three groups are distinguished:
Geobionts - permanent inhabitants of the soil (earthworms), many primary wingless insects), from mammals, moles, mole rats.
Geophiles are animals in which part of the development cycle takes place in a different environment, and part in the soil. These are the majority of flying insects (locusts, beetles, centipede mosquitoes, bears, many butterflies). Some go through the larval phase in the soil, while others go through the pupal phase.
Geoxens are animals that occasionally visit the soil as cover or shelter. These include all mammals living in burrows, many insects (cockroaches, hemipterans, some species of beetles).
Independent work with the textbook on options 3 min
1 row - oxygen, humidity (p. 62 2nd paragraph, last paragraph)
2 row - density (p. 63 1 paragraph; § 25)
3rd row - temperature (p. 62 3rd paragraph)
How do animals adapt to living conditions in the soil?
environmental factor
living conditions
Animal adaptations
use other senses for orientation
oxygen
little, depends on weather conditions
in rainy weather crawl to the surface
earthworm
temperature
summer coolness
hiding from the scorching rays
desert animals
warm in winter
fleeing in deep burrows from frost
mammals, reptiles
humidity
thin layer
an unfavorable period is transferred in the form of spores or cysts
protozoa
density
natural voids between lumps of soil
need to make moves
small size allows you to move freely
ticks, springtails, roundworms, beetles, centipedes, insect larvae
muscle contractions
earthworm
spatulate limbs
mole, bear
chisels
flattened front of the head, covered with strong shields
hind legs with spatulate outgrowths
spadeweed
Independent work. Exercise. Watch the movie and write out 2 minutes
Option 1 - the value of soil for animals
Option 2 - the importance of animals for the soil
Meaning
Soils for Animals
1. housing 1. cycling
2. cover from enemies 2. shuffle
3. food 3. ventilation
IV. Consolidation. Return to the cluster.
1. Soil - the top fertile layer of the earth.
2. The composition of the soil includes: clay, sand, humus, air
3. Oxygen in the soil is not less than in the ground-air environment.
4. Only small animals live in the soil
5. Soil animals are blind
6. Earthworms improve soil fertility, mix it.
7. Animals - excavators cannot move through natural voids between soil lumps.
Mutual verification. Answers. 1+ 2- 3- 4- 5+ 6+ 7+
Homework. 1. §24,25 questions on pp. 63,65
Optional: 2. Explain the expression:
“By saving the soil, we save ourselves and life on our planet.”
3. Creative task: Compose a crossword "Animal world of the soil"
VI. Summary of the lesson. We draw faces.
Related educational materials:
Work rules
1. Listen first, then ask a question.
2.Maximum activity of everyone.
3.No criticism
Spade said: Earth - to dig. boots said: Earth - to walk. And the people said: Earth - to live .
A. Tetivkin
- - What land are we talking about?
- What do you think the topic of our lesson is?
- What will we talk about, what will we study?
We compose a cluster according to the set questions on the board
What is soil?
What is the composition of the soil?
What organisms live in this environment?
How are they adapted to this environment?
- Soil is the most superficial layer of land on the globe, resulting from changes in rocks under the influence of living and dead organisms (vegetation, animals, microorganisms), solar heat and precipitation. This is an important and complex component of the biosphere, closely related to its other parts.
If the soil is cut like a pie, it is made up of layers.
Look at the drawing in textbook 1.11 and name these.
Independent work with the textbook. Look at Figure 1.11(b). What is the composition of the soil? Read the textbook subtitle "Soil Composition" page 26 and try chart
- The soil consists of solid particles (mineral and organic substances), it always contains moisture, air and living organisms.
- Soil minerals - it is clay, sand, water with salts dissolved in it. Depending on the content of clay particles, there are sandy, sandy, loamy And clayey soil. They differ in their properties.
- Soils in swamps are highly moistened, in deserts they are dry, and in meadows and oak forests the soils are moderately moistened.
Air in soil
- changes as a result of vital activity of soil microorganisms, animals and plants. In him more water vapor , less oxygen (7-12%) and more carbon dioxide (0,2-8%).
- Soil air also contains gases that are formed during rotting remains of animals and plants, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane (marsh gas).
Soil organic matter
- These are mainly undecomposed, semi-decomposed solid remains of plants and animals, as well as humus, or humus .
- Humus located in the surface layer of the soil. It gives it a dark color. Microorganisms convert humus into mineral salts. That's why humus serves as a kind of reserve of mineral salts in the soil. The more humus, the more fertile the soil. There is little humus in podzolic soils and in desert gray soils(1-3%). richest in humus chernozem soils(7-12%). The founder of Russian soil science V.V. Dokuchaev considered chernozems to be the main wealth of the country and called chernozems "the king of soils".
- Substances contained in humus, together with plant roots and some other substances, create a certain structure: lumpy, nutty, granular and others. Soils with a well-defined structure are more fertile.
Alive organisms
- For many organisms, soil is a habitat. It is inhabited microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa), small invertebrates (earthworms, beetle larvae, mole cricket etc.), as well as large vertebrates (moles, moles and etc.).
- In the soil are living underground parts of plants - roots, rhizomes, stolons, bulbs, tubers, and spores, fruits and seeds .
- Quantity in soil most microorganisms, among which dominated by bacteria. In one gram of soil there can be hundreds of millions, and sometimes billions of microorganisms! Not surprisingly, they quickly decompose soil organic matter. But for their vital activity, a sufficient amount of heat, moisture and oxygen is necessary.
What are the features of the soil as a habitat? Self-study tutorial page 27 by options, fill in the table
How do animals adapt to living conditions in the soil?
environmental factor
living conditions
light
oxygen
Animal adaptations
Examples
little, depends on weather conditions
use other senses for orientation
in rainy weather crawl to the surface
temperature
summer coolness
earthworm
warm in winter
hiding from the scorching rays
humidity
thin layer
fleeing in deep burrows from frost
desert animals
mammals, reptiles
density
natural voids between lumps of soil
an unfavorable period is transferred in the form of spores or cysts
need to make moves
small size allows you to move freely
protozoa
ticks, springtails, roundworms, beetles, centipedes, insect larvae
muscle contractions
earthworm
spatulate limbs
mole, bear
chisels
mole rat
flattened front of the head, covered with strong shields
snakes
hind legs with spatulate outgrowths
spadeweed
TEST
- Soil is the top fertile layer of the earth.
- The composition of the soil includes: clay, sand, humus, air
- There is no less oxygen in the soil than in the ground-air environment.
- Clay soils contain less air.
- Humus is essential for plant nutrition.
- 4. Only small animals live in the soil
- Soil animals are blind
- Earthworms improve soil fertility, mix it.
- Animals - excavators cannot move through natural voids between soil lumps.
- The soil is cooler in summer and warmer in winter.
Creative task: Compose a crossword puzzle
"Animal world of the soil"
Habitat Habitat is the place where a given species of animal or plant lives. The habitat provides the species with everything it needs to survive, such as food, water, shelter from predators. There are many thousands of different habitats in the world, including grasslands, swamps, forests, deserts, rivers, lakes, and oceans. A habitat is a place where a given species of animal or plant lives. The habitat provides the species with everything it needs to survive, such as food, water, shelter from predators. There are many thousands of different habitats in the world, including grasslands, swamps, forests, deserts, rivers, lakes, and oceans.
Soil Environment The soil environment is home to a variety of bacteria and protozoa. There are also myceliums of mushrooms, roots of plants. The soil was also inhabited by a variety of animals - worms, insects adapted to digging animals, such as moles. The inhabitants of the soil find in this environment the necessary conditions for them. The soil environment is home to many bacteria and protozoa. There are also myceliums of mushrooms, roots of plants. The soil was also inhabited by a variety of animals - worms, insects adapted to digging animals, such as moles. The inhabitants of the soil find in this environment the necessary conditions for them.
Living in the soil environment leads to the fact that different living organisms have similar adaptations. The limbs are adapted for digging (flat with large claws). Powerful front teeth (for digging and biting roots). Weakly developed eyes and ears. The body is oval with a short neck and a short tail (for easy movement through underground passages). Short fur (for less friction with the soil). The special structure of the mouth (so that the earth does not fall). Articular body (promotes movement in the soil). Mucus secretion (promotes movement in the soil).
Which animals are useful for the soil environment Animals that are useful for the soil environment, for example: springtails, earthworms. Animals that are useful for the soil environment, for example: springtails, earthworms. Springtails do an important job. They eat and break in dead plants and, thus, participate in the formation of the soil. Springtails do an important job. They eat and break in dead plants and, thus, participate in the formation of the soil. The mucus secreted by worms contains nitrogen. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants. The sticky slime helps keep soil particles together, which contributes to good soil structure. The mucus secreted by worms contains nitrogen. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants. The sticky slime helps keep soil particles together, which contributes to good soil structure.
