• Living without food is the highest stage of development
• Collectivization in the USSR: causes, essence, course and consequences The essence and results of collectivization
• The process of human socialization, its periods, stages
• Epigenetics: what controls our genetic code?
• What is mitosis and what process occurs in the prophase of mitosis?
• Chemistry everything you need to know for the OGE
• Japanese poetry form. Japanese poetry. How to write in Japanese correctly. Kigo, the "seasonal word", is used as an obligatory element of the text - the narration is conducted in the present tense
• What can global environmental pollution lead to? Consequences of pollution
• Theodore is studying. Forms of communication with heresy
• Holy Martyr Natalia Akathist to Saint Natalia

TIKHONOV Nikolai Alexandrovich

(05/01/1905 - 06/01/1997). Member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee from 11/27/1979 to 10/15/1985 Candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee from 11/27/1978 to 11/27/1979 Member of the CPSU Central Committee in 1966-1989 Candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1961 - 1966. Member of the CPSU since 1940

Born in Kharkov in the family of an engineer. Russian. In 1920 - 1924 studied at the Ekaterininsky (now Dnepropetrovsk) Technical School of Communications. He began his career in 1924 as an assistant locomotive driver. In 1930 he graduated from the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute. He worked as an engineer, from 1933 as a deputy head of a shop, from January 1938 as a head of a shop, from January 1940 as a chief engineer of the metallurgical and pipe-rolling plant named after V.I. Lenin in Dnepropetrovsk. In September 1941 - July 1947 he was the chief engineer of the Novotrubny Plant in the city of Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Region. In July 1947 - December 1950 he was the director of the Yuzhnotrubny plant in the city of Nikopol. He achieved not only high performance indicators, but also took care of people. One of the first in the region, he opened a hospital for sick workers, organized a good canteen, restored a road broken during the war, repaired the factory club. Spent for these purposes three times more than was allocated. The Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy, I.F. Tevosyan, who arrived at the plant, wanted to remove the director for such arbitrariness, but then changed his mind: he did not build for himself. From December 1950 to September 1955 he was the head of the Main Directorate of the Pipe Industry of the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy. From September 1955 to May 1957 he was Deputy Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR. In May 1957 - April 1960 - Chairman of the Economic Council of the Dnepropetrovsk Economic Administrative Region. In April 1960 - March 1963, Deputy Chairman of the State Scientific and Economic Council of the Council of Ministers of the USSR - Minister of the USSR. Since March 1963, Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR - Minister of the USSR. Since October 1965, Deputy, since September 1976, First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. From October 1980 to September 1985 Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. He replaced A.N. Kosygin, who retired, in this post. L. I. Brezhnev was appointed to the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the recommendation of Yu. V. Andropov, who, unlike G. V. Romanov, K. T. Mazurov and P. M. Masherov, was not a rival because of his age , since he was a year and a half older than the Secretary General himself. He had a lean physique. L. I. Brezhnev looked at him with envy and constantly asked what he was eating. After listening, he demanded: “Give me for breakfast, lunch and dinner the same thing that Nikolai Alexandrovich eats. There he is dry.” He spoke with a strong Ukrainian accent. He was distinguished by a high personal culture, held himself independently, knew how to defend his opinion. On December 26, 1979, he endorsed the expanded Politburo resolution on the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, adopted on December 12, 1979 at a narrow meeting of the Politburo by Yu. V. Andropov, A. A. Gromyko and D. F. Ustinov. He upset the overly nimble MS Gorbachev. On August 18, 1983, at a meeting of the Politburo, which considered the issue “On the outpacing growth of labor productivity in relation to wages,” a skirmish broke out between them again. According to the memoirs of V. I. Vorotnikov, the discussion of this issue had previously taken place at a meeting of the Secretariat, which was chaired by M. S. Gorbachev. It turned out at the Politburo that the draft had not been considered by the Council of Ministers. N. A. Tikhonov expressed reasonable dissatisfaction: first, such questions should be sorted out in the government, and then, if necessary, brought to the Politburo. Yu. V. Andropov supported the head of government. N. A. Tikhonov stated that the Secretariat of the Central Committee, in particular M. S. Gorbachev, was taking on economic issues not for the first time. M. S. Gorbachev objected: “But what if you don’t decide?” N. A. Tikhonov gave him advice: "Do not try to work on problems in which you are incompetent." In recent years, he put his point of view above the collective one, did not accept reasonable arguments. Probably due to advanced age. At the first meeting of the Politburo after the election of K. U. Chernenko as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU (23.02.1984), when distributing duties, he objected to his proposal to instruct M. S. Gorbachev to conduct meetings of the Secretariat, and in the absence of the Secretary General and the meeting of the Politburo: “ But is it right for the branch secretary who deals with agricultural issues to entrust the conduct of the Politburo? Won't this lead to a certain bias in the consideration of issues at the Politburo? And in general, is it necessary for the secretary of the Central Committee to lead the Politburo, because V. I. Lenin led the meetings of the Politburo without being a secretary ”(V. I. Vorotnikov And it was like this ... From the diary of a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. M., 1995. C .39 - 40). On March 11, 1985, at a meeting of the Politburo, which discussed the issue of electing the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, he spoke in favor of M. S. Gorbachev: “He is a contact person, you can discuss issues with him, discuss at the highest level. This is the first of the secretaries of the Central Committee, who is well versed in the economy. You realize how important this is. Tomorrow we will bury Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, but we cannot put off the development of the economy, they are not waiting. We will have to solve them and solve them together, as we have solved up to now, in close contact between the Central Committee of the Party and the government. Therefore, my opinion is unconditional: the person who is fit to be the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU is Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev. Here you need a figure who has both knowledge and experience, and the ability to work with people. Therefore, I believe that we can justifiably nominate Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU ”(TsKhSD. F. 89. Collection of declassified documents). On May 23, 1985, he presented to the meeting of the Politburo the "Basic Directions for Social and Economic Development for 1986-1990 and up to 2000" developed by the government, in accordance with which in the 12th Five-Year Plan it was supposed to achieve a growth rate of national income of 20-22 percent, production 21 - 24 percent, agriculture doubled and in 2000 to reach the level of US industrial production. Such results would have been real if not for the chaos of the "perestroika" initiated by M. S. Gorbachev. In the summer of 1985, M. S. Gorbachev instructed the chief Kremlin doctor E. I. Chazov to persuade N. A. Tikhonov to leave the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers. He had long suffered from atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels and could no longer work at full strength. On September 26, 1985, he announced his resignation at the Politburo: “Health has deteriorated. Doctors insist. I ask you to retire. I emphasize that the atmosphere in the Politburo is working and warm. I appreciate mutual trust and support, but I ask you to resign.” MS Gorbachev said that such a statement did him honor as a communist: “We discussed this issue in detail with him. He took the duties of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers with all responsibility, defended the positions of the government.” We decided to recommend to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, without waiting for the session, to release N. A. Tikhonov by decree and appoint N. I. Ryzhkov. From the same day, State Advisor to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, personal pensioner of allied significance. In 1989, he sent a letter to M. S. Gorbachev, in which, recalling his position taken in 1984, he wrote that under the influence of new circumstances he rethought his previous point of view and believes that he was wrong. After the ban, the CPSU regretted this letter. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 5th - 11th convocations. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1975, 1982). He was awarded nine Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, and the Order of the Red Star. Twice winner of the Stalin Prize (1943, 1951). Doctor of Technical Sciences (1961). He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR September 2 - October 23 Head of the government: Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin Successor: Ivan Vasilievich Arkhipov November 27 - November 27 October 2, 1965 - September 2, 1976 Head of the government: Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin April 25, 1962 - November 24, 1962 Head of the government: Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev
Alexey Nikolaevich Kosygin Birth: May 1 (14)(1905-05-14 )
Kharkov, Russian Empire Death: June 1st(1997-06-01 ) (92 years old)
Petrovo-Dalnee village, Krasnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia Place of burial: Novodevichy cemetery The consignment: CPSU (since 1940) Awards:

			: Invalid or missing image

Nikolai Alexandrovich Tikhonov(May 1, Kharkov - June 1, Petrovo-Far) - Soviet state and party leader. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in -1985, one of the oldest heads of government (from 75 to 80 years old) in the post-war history of Europe (the record belongs to Konrad Adenauer, who left the post of Chancellor of Germany at 87 years old).

Biography

Nikolai Tikhonov was born in the family of an engineer. In 1920-1924 he studied at the Yekaterininsky College of Railways (now the Dnepropetrovsk College of Railways). From 1924 he worked as an assistant locomotive driver.

After Brezhnev came to power, Tikhonov's rapid career growth began: in 1965 he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, in 1966 he became a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU; in 1975 he received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1976, Tikhonov became First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and since Chairman of the Council of Ministers A.N. Kosygin often retired for health reasons in the last years of his tenure, Tikhonov had to fulfill his duties. On November 27, 1978, he was elected a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, on November 27, 1979 he was transferred from candidate to member of the Politburo. On October 23, 1980, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In 1982 he received the second Gold Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor.

On September 27, 1985, Nikolai Alexandrovich Tikhonov was officially relieved of his duties as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "for health reasons" (atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels); The much younger N. I. Ryzhkov was appointed the new Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. On October 15, 1985, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU removed him from the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1986-88. - State Advisor to the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces. Since 1988, he has been a personal pensioner of federal significance. In recent years, he lived in solitude, did not speak with memoirs and interviews.

N. A. Tikhonov died on June 1, 1997 in the Moscow region. He was buried, as a former prime minister, in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (plot No. 4)

Awards and titles

Quotes

Sources

Write a review on the article "Tikhonov, Nikolai Alexandrovich"

Links

Committee of Ministers of the Russian Empire Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire provisional government white movement RSFSR Soviet Union - Will you order the driver to let go? “Ah, yes,” Pierre said, waking up, hastily getting up. “Listen,” he said, taking Gerasim by the button of his coat and looking down at the old man with his shining, moist, enthusiastic eyes. “Listen, do you know that tomorrow there will be a battle? .. “They did,” replied Gerasim. “I ask you not to tell anyone who I am. And do what I say... - I obey, - said Gerasim. - Would you like to eat? No, but I need something else. I need a peasant dress and a pistol,” said Pierre, suddenly blushing. “I’m listening,” said Gerasim after thinking. Pierre spent the rest of that day alone in the benefactor's office, pacing uneasily from one corner to another, as Gerasim heard, and talking to himself, and spent the night on the bed prepared for him right there. Gerasim, with the habit of a servant who had seen many strange things in his lifetime, accepted Pierre's relocation without surprise and seemed to be pleased that he had someone to serve. On the same evening, without even asking himself what it was for, he got Pierre a caftan and a hat and promised to get the required pistol the next day. Makar Alekseevich that evening twice, slapping his galoshes, went up to the door and stopped, looking ingratiatingly at Pierre. But as soon as Pierre turned to him, he bashfully and angrily wrapped up his dressing gown and hurriedly left. While Pierre, in a coachman's caftan, purchased and steamed for him by Gerasim, went with him to buy a pistol at the Sukharev Tower, he met the Rostovs. On September 1, at night, Kutuzov ordered the retreat of Russian troops through Moscow to the Ryazan road. The first troops moved into the night. The troops marching at night were in no hurry and moved slowly and sedately; but at dawn, the moving troops, approaching the Dorogomilovsky bridge, saw in front of them, on the other side, crowding, hurrying along the bridge and on the other side rising and flooding the streets and alleys, and behind them - pushing, endless masses of troops. And causeless haste and anxiety seized the troops. Everything rushed forward to the bridge, onto the bridge, into the fords and into the boats. Kutuzov ordered that he be taken around the back streets to the other side of Moscow. By ten o'clock in the morning on September 2, only the troops of the rear guard remained in the Dorogomilovsky suburb. The army was already on the other side of Moscow and beyond Moscow. At the same time, at ten o'clock in the morning on September 2, Napoleon stood between his troops on Poklonnaya Hill and looked at the spectacle that opened before him. From August 26 to September 2, from the battle of Borodino to the entry of the enemy into Moscow, during all the days of this anxious, this memorable week, there was that extraordinary autumn weather, always surprising people, when the low sun warms hotter than in spring, when everything glitters in the rare, clean air so that it hurts the eyes when the chest grows stronger and fresher, inhaling the odorous autumn air, when the nights are even warm and when in these dark warm nights from the sky incessantly, frightening and delighting, golden stars are pouring. On September 2, at ten o'clock in the morning, the weather was like this. The sparkle of the morning was magical. Moscow from Poklonnaya Gora spread out spaciously with its river, its gardens and churches, and it seemed to live its own life, quivering like stars, its domes in the rays of the sun. At the sight of a strange city with unprecedented forms of extraordinary architecture, Napoleon experienced that somewhat envious and restless curiosity that people experience when they see the forms of an alien life that does not know about them. Obviously, this city lived with all the forces of its life. By those indefinable signs by which, at a long distance, a living body is unmistakably recognized from a dead one. Napoleon from Poklonnaya Gora saw the trembling of life in the city and felt, as it were, the breath of this large and beautiful body. - Cette ville asiatique aux innombrables eglises, Moscou la sainte. La voila donc enfin, cette fameuse ville! Il etait temps, [This Asiatic city with countless churches, Moscow, their holy Moscow! Here it is, finally, this famous city! It's time!] - Napoleon said and, getting off his horse, ordered the plan of this Moscou to be laid out in front of him and called the translator Lelorgne d "Ideville. "Une ville occupee par l" ennemi ressemble a une fille qui a perdu son honneur, [City occupied by the enemy , is like a girl who has lost her innocence.] - he thought (as he said this to Tuchkov in Smolensk). And from this point of view, he looked at the oriental beauty lying in front of him, which he had never seen before. It was strange to him that, at last, his long-standing, which seemed to him impossible, wish had come true. In the clear morning light, he looked first at the city, then at the plan, checking the details of this city, and the certainty of possession thrilled and terrified him. “But how could it be otherwise? he thought. - Here it is, this capital, at my feet, waiting for its fate. Where is Alexander now and what does he think? Strange, beautiful, majestic city! And strange and majestic this minute! In what light do I present myself to them! he thought of his troops. “Here it is, the reward for all these unbelievers,” he thought, looking around at those close to him and at the troops approaching and lining up. - One word of mine, one movement of my hand, and this ancient capital of des Czars perished. Mais ma clemence est toujours prompte a descendre sur les vaincus. [kings. But my mercy is always ready to descend to the vanquished.] I must be magnanimous and truly great. But no, it's not true that I'm in Moscow, it suddenly occurred to him. “However, here she lies at my feet, playing and trembling with golden domes and crosses in the rays of the sun. But I will spare her. On the ancient monuments of barbarism and despotism, I will write great words of justice and mercy ... Alexander will understand this most painfully, I know him. (It seemed to Napoleon that the main significance of what was happening lay in his personal struggle with Alexander.) From the heights of the Kremlin - yes, this is the Kremlin, yes - I will give them the laws of justice, I will show them the meaning of true civilization, I will force generations boyars lovingly commemorate the name of their conqueror. I will tell the deputation that I did not and do not want war; that I waged war only against the false policy of their court, that I love and respect Alexander, and that I will accept peace conditions in Moscow worthy of me and my peoples. I do not want to take advantage of the happiness of war to humiliate the respected sovereign. Boyars - I will tell them: I do not want war, but I want peace and prosperity for all my subjects. However, I know that their presence will inspire me, and I will tell them, as I always say: clear, solemn and great. But is it really true that I'm in Moscow? Yes, here she is! - Qu "on m" amene les boyards, [Bring the boyars.] - he turned to the retinue. The general with a brilliant retinue immediately galloped after the boyars. Two hours have passed. Napoleon had breakfast and again stood in the same place on Poklonnaya Hill, waiting for the deputation. His speech to the boyars was already clearly formed in his imagination. This speech was full of dignity and that grandeur that Napoleon understood. The tone of generosity in which Napoleon intended to act in Moscow captivated him. In his imagination, he appointed the days of reunion dans le palais des Czars [meetings in the palace of the tsars.], where the Russian nobles were to meet with the nobles of the French emperor. He mentally appointed a governor, one who would be able to attract the population to him. Having learned that there were many charitable institutions in Moscow, he decided in his imagination that all these institutions would be showered with his favors. He thought that just as in Africa one had to sit in a burnous in a mosque, so in Moscow one had to be merciful, like tsars. And, in order to finally touch the hearts of Russians, he, like every Frenchman, who cannot imagine anything sensitive without mentioning ma chere, ma tendre, ma pauvre mere, [my dear, tender, poor mother,] he decided that in all in these establishments, he orders to write in capital letters: Etablissement dedie a ma chere Mere. No, just: Maison de ma Mere, [Institution dedicated to my dear mother... My mother's house.] - he decided to himself. “But am I really in Moscow? Yes, there she is in front of me. But why is the deputation of the city not appearing for so long? he thought. Meanwhile, in the back of the emperor's retinue, an excited conference was taking place in a whisper between his generals and marshals. Those sent for the deputation returned with the news that Moscow was empty, that everyone had left and left it. The faces of those conferring were pale and agitated. Not that Moscow was abandoned by the inhabitants (no matter how important this event seemed), frightened them, but they were frightened by how to announce this to the emperor, how, without putting his majesty in that terrible situation called by the French ridicule [ridiculous] , announce to him that he waited in vain for the boyars for so long that there are crowds of drunks, but no one else. Some said that it was necessary at all costs to collect at least some kind of deputation, others disputed this opinion and argued that it was necessary, having carefully and cleverly prepared the emperor, to declare the truth to him. - Il faudra le lui dire tout de meme ... - said the gentlemen of the retinue. - Mais, messieurs ... [However, I must tell him ... But, gentlemen ...] - The situation was all the more difficult because the emperor, considering his plans for generosity, patiently walked back and forth in front of the plan, occasionally looking from under his hand on the way to Moscow and cheerfully and smiling proudly. - Mais c "est impossible ... [But awkward ... Impossible ...] - shrugging their shoulders, the gentlemen of the retinue said, not daring to pronounce the implied terrible word: le ridicule ... Meanwhile, the emperor, tired of vain waiting and feeling with his acting instinct that the majestic minute, lasting too long, was beginning to lose its majesty, gave a sign with his hand. A single shot of a signal cannon rang out, and the troops, which surrounded Moscow from different sides, moved to Moscow, to the Tver, Kaluga and Dorogomilovskaya outposts. Faster and faster, overtaking one another, at a quick pace and at a trot, the troops moved, hiding in the clouds of dust they raised and filling the air with merging rumbles of screams. Fascinated by the movement of troops, Napoleon rode with his troops to the Dorogomilovskaya outpost, but there he again stopped and, dismounting from his horse, walked for a long time at the Chambers of the Collegiate Wall, waiting for the deputation. Moscow meanwhile was empty. There were still people in it, a fiftieth of all the former inhabitants remained in it, but it was empty. It was empty, as a dying beehive that has become matless is empty.

Nikolai Alexandrovich TIKHONOV 01(14).05.1905 - 06/01/1997

Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU from November 27, 1979 to October 15, 1985.
Candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU from 11/27/1978 to 11/27/1979.
Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1966-89, candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1961-69.
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR from 10/23/1980 to 09/27/1985
* * *
Born in Kharkov in the family of a Russian engineer. In 1920-24. studied at the Ekaterininsky (now Dnepropetrovsk) Technical School of Communications. He began his career in 1924 as an assistant locomotive driver. In 1930graduated from the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute. He worked at the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical and Pipe-Rolling Plant. V.I. Lenina: engineer, since 1933 deputy shop manager, since January 1938 shop manager, since January 1940 chief engineer. In the late 1930s, Tikhonov met the young party functionary L.I. Brezhnev, who held a number of leading positions in Dnepropetrovsk in 1937-41.
In September 1940, Tikhonov joined the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and was appointed to the Novotrubny Plant in the city of Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Region. From July 1947 to December 1950 he worked as the director of the Yuzhnotrubny plant in Nikopol. He achieved not only high performance indicators, but also took care of people. He was one of the first in the region to open a hospital for sick workers, organize a good canteen, restore a road broken during the war, and repair the factory club. Spent for these purposes three times more than was allocated. The Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy, I.F. Tevosyan, who arrived at the plant, wanted to remove the director for such arbitrariness, but then changed his mind: he did not build for himself.
Experience in the pipe industry helped Tikhonov to take in December 1950 the post of head of the Main Directorate of the Pipe Industry of the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy. Since September 1955, the Deputy Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR, but after the administrative reforms of N.S. Khrushchev, left the capital and in May 1957 headed the Economic Council of the Dnepropetrovsk Economic Administrative Region. Since April 1960, Deputy Chairman of the State Scientific and Economic Council of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the rank of Minister of the USSR.
At the XXII Party Congress in 1961 he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee. Retaining the rank of minister of the USSR, in March 1963 Tikhonov became deputy chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, but the very next year Brezhnev's coming to power radically changes the composition of the Soviet nomenklatura. With the help of L.I. Brezhnev, on October 2, 1965, Tikhonov was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and in 1966 was elected a member of the Central Committee at the XXIII Congress of the CPSU.0 On September 2, 1976, he took up the post of 1st Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Apparently, the position of a devoted functionary, Tikhonov, impressed Brezhnev to a greater extent. Tikhonov's position became even stronger after the retirement of K.T. Mazurov, who held the second position of First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers until November 1978.
On November 27, 1978, Tikhonov was introduced to the list of candidates for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and exactly one year later, on November 27, 1979, he was transferred to the Politburo. On December 26, 1979, he endorsed the expanded Politburo resolution on the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, adopted on December 12, 1979 at a narrow meeting of the Politburo by Yu.V. Andropov, A.A. Gromyko and D.F. Ustinov. "A day after our troops entered Afghanistan in December 1979, - recalls Mikhail Sirtyukov, the former affairs manager of the Council of Ministers, - I went to Tikhonov. He sits gloomy, says: "Imagine, they just told me about Afghanistan today! And now they want to get my approval retroactively!" Who "they" he did not say, but it was clear.Unlike head of government N.A. Kosygin, Tikhonov preferred to pursue a policy approved by the Politburo and not build his own plans for economic development, which ultimately played a role in his appointment as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR after Kosygin's forced resignation. Tikhonov, 75, was confirmed in this position by the 4th session Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 10th convocation (October 23, 1980). L.I. Brezhnev was appointed to this post on the recommendation of Yu.V. Andropov, who, unlike G.V. Romanov, K.T. a year and a half older than the general secretary himself.
He had a lean physique. Brezhnev looked at him with envy and constantly asked what he was eating. After listening, he demanded: "Give me for breakfast, lunch and dinner the same thing that Nikolai Alexandrovich eats. Look how dry he is." He spoke with a strong Ukrainian accent. He was distinguished by a high personal culture, held himself independently, knew how to defend his opinion.Tikhonov did not care at all how often and for how long he was shown on television, nor how the newspapers covered his visits abroad or trips around the country. He was a man of action, a business executive who went through a large industrial and administrative school. Brezhnev valued Tikhonov primarily for his directness and honesty. He called Tikhonov "my critic" and attentively listened to his remarks on major issues that the Politburo was preparing to consider. Tikhonov treated Kosygin in exactly the same way. If he disagreed with Kosygin in some way, he would tell him about it directly to his face - unlike other deputy chairmen, Brezhnev's "fellow villagers" Veniamin Dymshits and Ignatiy Novikov, who immediately ran to call the Secretary General. The influential trio - Ustinov, Andropov, Gromyko - did not like him. He and Tikhonov, when he was still acting prime minister, often had disputes at the Politburo.
With the advent of Tikhonov, the composition of the government did not undergo any significant changes and continued to practically work in the same composition. The government did not take any effective measures to reform the Soviet economy, the need for which became obvious by the mid-1980s.
Tikhonov retained his post after the death of Brezhnev and continued to be the head of government during the brief administrations of Yu.V. Andropov and K.U. Chernenko. He upset the overly nimble M.S. Gorbachev. On August 18, 1983, at a meeting of the Politburo, which considered the issue "On the outstripping growth of labor productivity in relation to wages," a skirmish broke out between Tikhonov and Gorbachev. According to the memoirs of V. I. Vorotnikov, the discussion of this issue took place in advance at a meeting of the Secretariat, which was chaired by M. S. Gorbachev. It turned out at the Politburo that the draft had not been considered by the Council of Ministers. Tikhonov expressed justified dissatisfaction: first, such questions should be dealt with by the government, and then, if necessary, brought to the attention of the Politburo. Yu.V.Andropov supported the head of government. N.A. Tikhonov stated that the Secretariat of the Central Committee, in particular M.S. Gorbachev, was taking on economic issues not for the first time. MS Gorbachev objected: "But what to do if you don't decide?" Tikhonov gave him advice: "Do not try to work on problems in which you are incompetent."
In recent years, he put his point of view above the collective one, did not accept reasonable arguments. At the first meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee after the election of K.U. Politburo: “Is it right for the branch secretary who deals with agricultural issues to entrust the conduct of the Politburo? Will this not lead to a certain bias when considering issues at the Politburo? And in general, is it necessary for the secretary of the Central Committee to conduct the Politburo, because V.I. Politburo without being a secretary." On March 11, 1985, at a meeting of the Politburo, which discussed the issue of electing the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, he spoke in favor of M.S. Gorbachev.
On May 23, 1985, he presented to the Politburo meeting the "Basic Directions for Socio-Economic Development for 1986-1990 and Until 2000" developed by the government, in accordance with which in the 12th Five-Year Plan it was supposed to achieve a growth rate of national income of 20-22% products 21-24%, agriculture doubled and in 2000 to reach the level of US industrial production. Gorbachev began to ask him many questions, clarified some of the wording, and then, after a discussion, said that the report was weak and that Tikhonov had poorly prepared.
In the summer of 1985, M.S. Gorbachev instructed the chief Kremlin doctor E.I. Chazov to persuade N.A. Tikhonov to leave the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. He had long suffered from atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels and could no longer work at full strength. He could go to work only in the middle of the day (preparatory procedures were necessary in the morning). On September 26, 1985, Tikhonov announced his resignation at the Politburo: "Health has deteriorated. Doctors insist. Please transfer to retirement. I emphasize that the atmosphere in the Politburo is working, warm. I appreciate mutual trust, support, but I ask to resign." MS Gorbachev said that such a statement did him honor as a communist: "We discussed this issue with him in detail. He treated the duties of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers with all responsibility, defended the positions of the government." We decided to recommend to the Presidium of the Supreme Council, without waiting for the session, by their decree to release N.A. Tikhonov and appoint N.I. Ryzhkov. From the same day, State Advisor to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, personal pensioner of allied significance. At the Plenum, the Central Committee was removed from the Politburo.
In 1989, he sent a letter to M.S. Gorbachev, in which, recalling his position taken in 1984, he wrote that under the influence of new circumstances he rethought his previous point of view and believes that he was wrong. After the ban, the CPSU regretted this letter. Until his death in 1997, the former prime minister lived in seclusion at the state dacha in Petrovo-Dalny. “I don’t know who he was in contact with at all,” recalls V.I. Vorotnikov. “It seemed that he sat down in the country, like a hermit, and did not show himself in any way. Quietly moved away from everything. Although we knew that he had a very difficult life, that he was actually lonely, since he did not have a family. But on his part, apparently, there was no desire to communicate with someone. Of course, when he retired, he retained all the privileges."
According to the memoirs of M. Smirtyukov: “As he received a three-room apartment when he was deputy chairman, he lived in it with his wife until his death. They had no children, and they lived very modestly. appointed a personal pension. Tikhonov did not have any savings. When he worked in the government, he and his wife spent all their money on buying buses, which they donated to pioneer camps and schools. After the liquidation of the USSR, the personal pension was canceled, and Nikolai Aleksandrovich received the usual old-age pension. And the guys from the guard chipped in to buy him fruit."
Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 5-11 convocations. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1975, 1982). He was awarded nine Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, and the Order of the Red Star. Twice winner of the Stalin Prize (1943, 1951). Doctor of Technical Sciences (1961). He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Used materials:
Vorotnikov V.I. But it was like this ... From the diary of a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. M., 1995.
State power of the USSR. Higher bodies of power and administration and their leaders. 1923-1991. Historical and biographical reference book. /Compiled by V.I.Ivkin.M., 1999.
Zenkovich N.A. The most closed people. M., 2004.
Kommersant-Vlast, 2000, September 5.
Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 2001, February 8.

Born in the family of an engineer; studied at the College of Communications, and then at the Metallurgical Institute in Dnepropetrovsk (graduated from the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute in 1930). He also worked there as an engineer. In the late 1930s, he met Brezhnev.

During the war and later he was the director of metallurgical plants, he had two Stalin Prizes (1943, 1951). In 1950-1957, deputy. Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR, was responsible for the pipe industry; under Khrushchev, he headed the Dnepropetrovsk Economic Council and was deputy chairman of the State Scientific and Economic Council of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the rank of minister.

1963-1965 - Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR

After Brezhnev came to power, Tikhonov's rapid career growth began: from 1965 he was deputy prime minister of the union government, and from 1966 a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU; Hero of Socialist Labor (1975). In 1976, he became the 1st Deputy Prime Minister, and since in the last years of his tenure as Chairman of the Council of Ministers A.N. Kosygin often retired for health reasons, this position became especially important. Since November 27, 1979 Tikhonov has been a member of the Politburo. He considered the decision of the Soviet leadership to send troops to Afghanistan in December of the same year rash.

In October 1980, Kosygin resigned due to a sharp deterioration in health (he died a little over a month later), on October 23, 1980, the Supreme Council approved Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In 1982 he received the second Gold Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor.

Tikhonov was a practical business executive who was not interested in political issues, alien to intrigues, moderately straightforward, but cautious, personally impeccably honest. He was not a silent executor of the highest will, in particular, he did not hesitate to criticize Kosygin and Brezhnev on private issues. He insisted on observing a strict procedure for resolving issues, objected to the "telephone right".

Best of the day

However, he was not capable of independent activities on a national scale; unlike Kosygin, he did not have his own economic program. Personnel policy has not undergone significant changes under him. During the five years of his premiership, a significant part of the Politburo passed away and four general secretaries were replaced; Having retained his post under Andropov and Chernenko, the 80-year-old Tikhonov left the post a few months after Gorbachev came to power, whose election to the post of general secretary he supported, despite constant disagreements with him during the reigns of Andropov and Chernenko.

On September 26, 1985, Tikhonov officially resigned, citing his health (atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels); the request was granted, N. I. Ryzhkov was appointed his successor. From that time until the collapse of the USSR, he was a state adviser to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, a personal pensioner of allied significance. In recent years, he lived in solitude, did not speak with memoirs and interviews.

He was buried, as a former prime minister, at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

"Nikolai Aleksandrovich Tikhonov (May 1, 1905, Kharkov - June 1, 1997, Petrovo-Dalnee) - Soviet statesman and party leader. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1980-1985, one of the oldest heads of government (from 75 to 80 years old) in the post-war history of Europe (the record belongs to Konrad Adenauer, who left the post of Chancellor of Germany at the age of 87).

Nikolai Tikhonov was born in the family of an engineer. In 1920-1924 he studied at the Yekaterininsky College of Railways (now the Dnepropetrovsk College of Railways). From 1924 he worked as an assistant locomotive driver.
In 1930 he graduated from the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute. He worked at the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical and Pipe-Rolling Plant. V. I. Lenin as an engineer, since 1933 - deputy head of the shop, from January 1938 - head of the shop, from January 1940 - chief engineer. In the late 1930s, he met L. I. Brezhnev. In September 1940 he joined the CPSU (b)
Since September 1941 he was the chief engineer of the Novotrubny Plant in Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Region; from July 1947 to December 1950 - director of the South Pipe Metallurgical Plant in Nikopol.
In 1943, together with the staff of the plant, awarded the Stalin Prize, he transferred money, 100,000 rubles, to the Defense Fund.
Since December 1950, he was the head of the Main Directorate of the Pipe Industry of the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy; since September 1955 - Deputy Minister of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR, responsible for the pipe industry. In 1957-1960 - Chairman of the Dnepropetrovsk Economic Council. In 1959 he was a member of the Soviet delegation, which, headed by the 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU N.S. Khrushchev, made her first official visit to the United States. In 1960 he became deputy chairman of the State Scientific and Economic Council of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
At the XXII Party Congress in 1961 he was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU. From 1963 to 1965 he served as Deputy Chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR.
After Brezhnev came to power, Tikhonov's rapid career growth began: in 1965 he was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, in 1966 he became a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU; in 1975 he received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1976, Tikhonov became First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and since Chairman of the Council of Ministers A.N. Kosygin often retired for health reasons in the last years of his tenure, Tikhonov had to fulfill his duties. On November 27, 1978, he was elected a candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, on November 27, 1979 he was transferred from candidate to member of the Politburo. On October 23, 1980, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers. In 1982 he received the second Gold Star of the Hero of Socialist Labor.

Soviet Premier
Tikhonov was a practical business executive who was not interested in political issues, alien to intrigues, moderately straightforward, but cautious, personally impeccably honest. He was not a silent executor of the highest will, in particular, he did not hesitate to criticize A. N. Kosygin and L. I. Brezhnev on private issues. He insisted on observing a strict procedure for resolving issues, objected to the "telephone right".
However, he was not capable of independent activities on a national scale; unlike Kosygin, he did not have his own economic program. Personnel policy has not undergone significant changes under him. During the five years of his premiership, a significant part of the Politburo passed away and four general secretaries were replaced; retaining his post under Yu. V. Andropov and K. U. Chernenko, the 80-year-old Tikhonov left the post a few months after Gorbachev came to power, whose election to the post of General Secretary he supported, despite constant disagreements with him during the years of Yu. Andropova and K. U. Chernenko.
The number of workers in 1980-1985 increased by 2.7%, and production - by 19.7%, which, even taking into account the slight Soviet inflation, means an increase in labor productivity. (The average inflation index in 1980-1985, calculated according to 37 indicators, was 6%.) The average monthly salary in 1980-1985 increased from 168.9 to 190.1 rubles per month, and the wages of workers - from 182.5 to 208 .5 rubles. The share of food expenses in family expenses in the USSR decreased in 1980-1985 from 35.5% to 33.7%. The released funds were used to purchase cultural and household items and furniture (growth from 6.5 to 7.1%), as well as to pay taxes (growth from 9.1 to 9.4%) and family savings (growth from 5 .6 to 7.8%.
On September 27, 1985, Nikolai Alexandrovich Tikhonov was officially relieved of his duties as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR "for health reasons" (atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels); N. I. Ryzhkov was appointed the new Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. On October 15, 1985, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU removed him from the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1986-88. - State Advisor to the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces. Since 1988, he has been a personal pensioner of federal significance. In recent years, he lived in solitude, did not speak with memoirs and interviews.
N. A. Tikhonov died on June 1, 1997 in the Moscow region. He was buried, as a former prime minister, in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery (plot No. 4)

Awards and titles
Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (05/13/1975, 10/12/1982).
nine Orders of Lenin
Order of the October Revolution (05/13/1980)
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (04/23/1985)
two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (01/24/1950; 05/13/1965)
Order of the Red Star (04/10/1943)
Stalin Prize of the first degree (1943) - for a radical improvement in the production of mortar tubes and ammunition parts
Stalin Prize of the third degree (1951) - for the development and mastering the production of large-diameter seamless pipes
Doctor of Technical Sciences (1961).
Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 5-11 convocations (since 1958)."

“But they treated Tikhonov like a human. Yes, he, in fact, did not ask for anything for himself. As he received a three-room apartment when he was deputy chairman, he lived in it with his wife until his death. They had no children, and they lived very modestly. He, as the former prime minister, was left with a dacha, security, and a personal pension. Tikhonov did not have any savings. When he worked in the government, he and his wife spent all their money on buying buses, which they donated to pioneer camps and schools. After the liquidation The USSR abolished the personal pension, and Nikolai Alexandrovich received the usual old-age pension. And the guys from the guard chipped in to buy him fruit. "
http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/17565

The Soviet government allowed honest and intelligent people to come to the top leadership of the country. But the post-Soviet government does not allow this. Why then removed the CPSU from the monopoly leadership of the country?

• A dull time, eyes charm ... Autumn is beautiful to me your farewell beauty
• There are four different types of man on earth. The appearance of modern man: the time and place of the appearance of man
• A poem by A.A. Akhmatova “I am not with those who abandoned the earth…” (perception, interpretation, evaluation). Anna Andreevna Akhmatova. “I am not with those who threw the earth ... I am not with those who threw the earth to be torn to pieces by enemies
• Conjunctive forms of representation of logical functions
• Semiconductor resistors
• Quasar mass. Quasar - what is it? Gravity creates lenses
• History of Journalism The 26th Congress of the CPSU was held in
• Correct chronology in Rus'
• Scientific writings by James Maxwell
• Oleg Mityaev Oleg Mityaev biography briefly about the main thing

• Living without food is the highest stage of development
• Collectivization in the USSR: causes, essence, course and consequences The essence and results of collectivization
• The process of human socialization, its periods, stages
• Epigenetics: what controls our genetic code?
• What is mitosis and what process occurs in the prophase of mitosis?
• Chemistry everything you need to know for the OGE
• Japanese poetry form. Japanese poetry. How to write in Japanese correctly. Kigo, the "seasonal word", is used as an obligatory element of the text - the narration is conducted in the present tense
• What can global environmental pollution lead to? Consequences of pollution
• Theodore is studying. Forms of communication with heresy
• Holy Martyr Natalia Akathist to Saint Natalia