The world of modern materials - Zinc Oxide ZnO. Zinc Oxide for Facial Skin: Properties and Practical Application Density of Zinc Oxide
Brief characteristic of zinc oxide:
zinc oxide is a white inorganic substance.
Since the valency zinc equal to two, then zinc oxide contains one atom oxygen and one zinc atom.
Chemical formula of zinc oxide ZnO.
Turns yellow when heated. At a temperature of 1800 ° C, it sublimates.
Does not dissolve in water.
Zinc oxide is a low-toxic substance. Its dust is harmful to the respiratory system.
Physical properties of zinc oxide:
| Parameter name: | Meaning: |
| Chemical formula | ZnO |
| Synonyms and names in a foreign language | zinc oxide zincite (Russian) zinc white (Russian) |
| Substance type | inorganic |
| Appearance | white hexagonal crystals |
| Color | white |
| Taste | —* |
| Smell | — |
| Aggregate state (at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure 1 atm.) | solid |
| Density (state of matter - solid, at 20 ° C), kg / m 3 | 5610 |
| Density (state of matter - solid, at 20 ° C), g / cm 3 | 5,61 |
| Sublimation temperature, °C | 1800 |
| Melting point, °C | 1975 |
| Molar mass, g/mol | 81,408 |
| Thermal conductivity, W/(m K) | 54 |
* Note:
- no data.
Obtaining zinc oxide:
It occurs naturally as the mineral zincite, which is almost entirely composed of zinc oxide.
Zinc oxide is also obtained as a result of the following chemical reactions:
- 1.combustion of zinc in oxygen:
2Zn + О 2 → 2ZnО (t > 250 o C).
- 2.by thermal decomposition of zinc hydroxide:
Zn(OH) 2 → ZnO + H 2 O (t = 100-250 o C).
- 3.by thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate:
ZnCO 3 → ZnO + CO 2 (t = 200-300 o C).
- 4. by thermal decomposition of zinc nitrate:
2Zn(NO 3) 2 → 2ZnO + 4NO 2 + O 2 (t = 300-500 o C).
- 5. by oxidative roasting of zinc sulfide:
2ZnS + 3O 2 → 2ZnO + 2SO 2 (t = 800-1000 o C).
- 6. by thermal decomposition of zinc acetate.
Chemical properties of zinc oxide. Chemical reactions of zinc oxide:
Zinc oxide belongs to amphoteric oxides. It exhibits, depending on the conditions, either basic or acidic properties.
The chemical properties of zinc oxide are similar to those of other amphoteric oxides. metals. Therefore, it is characterized by the following chemical reactions:
1. reaction of zinc oxide with carbon:
ZnO + C → Zn + CO (t = 1200-1300 o C).
As a result of the reaction, zinc and carbon monoxide (II) are formed. Thus, zinc is reduced from zinc oxide with coke or coal at a temperature of 1200-1300 o C.
2. silicon:
ZnO + SiO 2 → ZnSiO 3 (t = 1200-1400 o C),
2ZnO + SiO 2 → Zn 2 SiO 4 (t = 900-1000 o C).
Oxide silicon is an acid oxide. As a result of the reaction, in the first case, a salt is formed - zinc metasilicate, in the second - zinc orthosilicate.
3. reaction of zinc oxide with oxidesulfur :
ZnO + SO 2 → ZnSO 3.
Oxide sulfur is an acid oxide. As a result of the reaction, a salt is formed - zinc sulfite.
4. reaction of zinc oxide with boron oxide:
ZnO + B 2 O 3 → Zn (BO 2) 2.
As a result of the reaction, a salt is formed - zinc borate.
5.reaction of zinc oxide with carbon monoxide:
ZnO + CO → Zn + CO 2 (t = 700 o C).
As a result of the reaction, zinc is formed and carbon dioxide.
6. reaction of zinc oxide with barium oxide:
ZnО + BaО → BaZnО 2 (t = 1100 o C).
As a result of the reaction, a salt is formed - barium zincate.
7. reaction of zinc oxide with chromium oxide:
ZnO + CrO 3 → ZnCrO 4.
As a result of the reaction, a salt is formed - zinc chromate.
8.reaction of zinc oxide with iron oxide:
ZnO + Fe 2 O 3 → Fe 2 ZnO 4 (t = 800-1000 o C),
ZnO + Fe 2 O 3 → ZnFe 2 O 4 (t = 800-1000 o C).
As a result of the reaction, iron-zinc oxide is formed.
9. reaction of zinc oxide with molybdenum oxide:
ZnО + MoО 3 → ZnMoО 4 .
As a result of the reaction, a salt is formed - zinc molybdate.
10. reaction of zinc oxide with oxide vanadium:
2ZnО + VO 2 → Zn 2 VO 4 (t = 1500-1700 o C).
As a result of the reaction, a salt is formed - zinc tetraoxovanadate.
11. reaction of zinc oxide with manganese oxide:
3ZnO + MnO 2 → MnZn 3 O 5 (t = 700-800 o C),
ZnO + Mn 2 O 3 → ZnMn 2 O 4 (t = 900 o C).
As a result of the reaction, in the first case, manganese-tricinc oxide is formed, in the second, manganese-zinc oxide.
12. reaction of zinc oxide with tungsten oxide:
ZnО + WO 3 → ZnWO 4 (t = 600-800 o C).
As a result of the reaction, a salt is formed - zinc tungstate.
13. reaction of zinc oxide with zinc sulfide:
2ZnO + ZnS → 3Zn + SO2.
As a result of a chemical reaction, zinc and zinc oxide are obtained.
14. reaction of zinc oxide with zinc chloride and water:
ZnO + ZnCl 2 + H 2 O → 2Zn(OH)Cl (t = 100-130 o C).
As a result of a chemical reaction, a quickly (2-3 minutes) hardening mass is obtained - zinc chloride-hydroxide (the so-called zinc cement). Zinc chloride - concentrated solution.
15. reaction of zinc oxide with hydrofluoric acid:
ZnO + 2HF → ZnF 2 + H 2 O.
As a result of a chemical reaction, a salt is obtained - zinc fluoride and water.
16. reaction of zinc oxide with nitric acid:
ZnO + 2HNO 3 → 2Zn(NO 3) 2 + H 2 O.
As a result of a chemical reaction, a salt is obtained - zinc nitrate and water.
17.reaction of zinc oxide with phosphoric acid:
3ZnO + 2H 3 PO 4 → Zn 3 (PO 4) 2 + 3H 2 O.
As a result of a chemical reaction, a salt is obtained - zinc orthophosphate and water. Orthophosphoric acid is initially dissolved in water.
Zinc oxide reacts similarly with other acids.
18. reaction of zinc oxide with hydrogen bromide (hydrogen bromide):
ZnO + 2HBr → ZnBr 2 + H 2 O.
As a result of a chemical reaction, a salt is obtained - zinc bromide and water.
19. reaction of zinc oxide with hydrogen iodine:
ZnO + 2HI → ZnI 2 + H 2 O.
As a result of a chemical reaction, a salt is obtained - zinc iodide and water.
20. reaction of zinc oxide with hydrogen sulfide:
ZnO + H 2 S → ZnS + H 2 O (t = 450-550 o C).
As a result of a chemical reaction, a salt is obtained - zinc sulfide and water.
21. reaction of zinc oxide with hydroxide
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Chemical formula
Molar Mass of ZnO, Zinc Oxide 81.4084 g/mol
Mass fractions of elements in the compound
Using the Molar Mass Calculator
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Molar mass calculator
mole
All substances are made up of atoms and molecules. In chemistry, it is important to accurately measure the mass of substances entering into a reaction and resulting from it. By definition, the mole is the SI unit for the amount of a substance. One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary particles. This value is numerically equal to the Avogadro constant N A when expressed in units of moles⁻¹ and is called Avogadro's number. Amount of substance (symbol n) of a system is a measure of the number of structural elements. A structural element can be an atom, a molecule, an ion, an electron, or any particle or group of particles.
Avogadro's constant N A = 6.02214076×10²³ mol⁻¹. Avogadro's number is 6.02214076×10²³.
In other words, a mole is the amount of a substance equal in mass to the sum of the atomic masses of the atoms and molecules of the substance, multiplied by the Avogadro number. The mole is one of the seven basic units of the SI system and is denoted by the mole. Since the name of the unit and its symbol are the same, it should be noted that the symbol is not declined, unlike the name of the unit, which can be declined according to the usual rules of the Russian language. One mole of pure carbon-12 equals exactly 12 grams.
Molar mass
Molar mass is a physical property of a substance, defined as the ratio of the mass of that substance to the amount of the substance in moles. In other words, it is the mass of one mole of a substance. In the SI system, the unit of molar mass is kilogram/mol (kg/mol). However, chemists are accustomed to using the more convenient unit g/mol.
molar mass = g/mol
Molar mass of elements and compounds
Compounds are substances made up of different atoms that are chemically bonded to each other. For example, the following substances, which can be found in the kitchen of any housewife, are chemical compounds:
- salt (sodium chloride) NaCl
- sugar (sucrose) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
- vinegar (acetic acid solution) CH₃COOH
The molar mass of chemical elements in grams per mole is numerically the same as the mass of the element's atoms expressed in atomic mass units (or daltons). The molar mass of compounds is equal to the sum of the molar masses of the elements that make up the compound, taking into account the number of atoms in the compound. For example, the molar mass of water (H₂O) is approximately 1 × 2 + 16 = 18 g/mol.
Molecular mass
Molecular weight (the old name is molecular weight) is the mass of a molecule, calculated as the sum of the masses of each atom that makes up the molecule, multiplied by the number of atoms in this molecule. The molecular weight is dimensionless a physical quantity numerically equal to the molar mass. That is, the molecular weight differs from the molar mass in dimension. Although the molecular mass is a dimensionless quantity, it still has a value called the atomic mass unit (amu) or dalton (Da), and is approximately equal to the mass of one proton or neutron. The atomic mass unit is also numerically equal to 1 g/mol.
Molar mass calculation
The molar mass is calculated as follows:
- determine the atomic masses of the elements according to the periodic table;
- determine the number of atoms of each element in the compound formula;
- determine the molar mass by adding the atomic masses of the elements included in the compound, multiplied by their number.
For example, let's calculate the molar mass of acetic acid
It consists of:
- two carbon atoms
- four hydrogen atoms
- two oxygen atoms
- carbon C = 2 × 12.0107 g/mol = 24.0214 g/mol
- hydrogen H = 4 × 1.00794 g/mol = 4.03176 g/mol
- oxygen O = 2 × 15.9994 g/mol = 31.9988 g/mol
- molar mass = 24.0214 + 4.03176 + 31.9988 = 60.05196 g/mol
Our calculator does just that. You can enter the formula of acetic acid into it and check what happens.
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Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
federal state budgetary educational institution
higher professional education
PETROZAVODSK STATE UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Medicine
Abstract on the discipline "Pharmaceutical chemistry"
Topic: Zinc oxide. zinc sulfate.
The work was done by a 4th year student
Specialty: Pharmacy
Correspondence department
Group: 73Z42
Rigoeva Anna Sergeevna
Work checked
Teacher:
Ermakova Galina Vladimirovna
Petrozavodsk 2012
Zinc is an element of a side subgroup of the second group, the fourth period of the periodic system of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev, with atomic number 30.
It is designated by the symbol Zn (lat. Zincum).
A simple substance zinc under normal conditions is a brittle transition metal of a bluish-white color (it tarnishes in air, becoming covered with a thin layer of zinc oxide).
A typical example of a metal that forms amphoteric compounds. Zinc compounds ZnO and Zn(OH)2 are amphoteric. The standard electrode potential is −0.76 V, in the series of standard potentials it is located before iron.
In air, zinc is covered with a thin film of ZnO oxide. When heated strongly, it burns out with the formation of amphoteric white oxide ZnO:
Zinc oxide reacts both with acid solutions:
and alkalis:
Zinc of ordinary purity actively reacts with acid solutions:
and alkali solutions: forming hydroxo-zincates. Very pure zinc does not react with solutions of acids and alkalis. The interaction begins with the addition of a few drops of a solution of copper sulfate CuSO4.
When heated, zinc reacts with halogens to form ZnHal2 halides. With phosphorus, zinc forms phosphides Zn3P2 and ZnP2. With sulfur and its analogues - selenium and tellurium - various chalcogenides, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnSe2 and ZnTe.
Zinc does not directly react with hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, silicon and boron. Nitride Zn3N2 is obtained by the reaction of zinc with ammonia at 550-600 °C.
In aqueous solutions, zinc ions Zn2+ form aquacomplexes 2+ and 2+.
zinc sulfate
ZnSO4, colorless crystals. Dissolves in water. ZnSO4 7H2O crystallizes from solutions - zinc vitriol. It is used in the production of viscose, glazes, to protect wood from decay.
ZINC SULFATE
ZINC SULPHATE (zinc sulfate) Zinci sulfas, ZnSO4. ZnSO4 · 7H2O - zinc vitriol - crystallizes from solutions. It is used in the production of viscose, glazes, to protect wood from decay.
Characteristic:
Colorless transparent crystals or fine crystalline powder, astringent taste, odorless. It vanishes in the air. Very easily soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol, slowly soluble in glycerin (1:10). Aqueous solutions are acidic.
Zinc sulfate has an antimicrobial, astringent, drying and local anti-inflammatory effect.
Application:
Conjunctivitis, laryngitis, urethritis, vaginitis - locally; the need to induce vomiting - inside in high doses; zinc deficiency in the body with violations of anabolic, immunological and other processes (prevention and treatment) - inside; hypogonadism, alopecia areata, cerebral palsy, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, diffuse connective tissue diseases, etc. (as part of complex therapy) - inside.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity.
Side effects:
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (when taking high doses orally).
Zinc sulfate, zinc sulfate, ZnSO4 - zinc salt of sulfuric acid.
Colorless crystals, density 3.74 g/cm³. Solubility in water (%): 29.4 (0°C), 37.7 (99°C). ZnSO4 7H2O (zinc vitriol) crystallizes from solutions at a temperature below 38.8 °C, ZnSO4 6H2O crystallizes from 38.8 °C to 70 °C, and ZnSO4 H2O monohydrate forms above 70 °C. The latter is dehydrated at 238°C. Zinc sulfate in the range of 600-900 °C decomposes into ZnO and SO3. Weak solutions of zinc sulfate become cloudy during hydrolysis due to the precipitation of 3Zn(OH)2 ZnSO4 4H2O.
Receipt
Zinc vitriol is obtained by evaporation and crystallization from solutions (along with the production of zinc). Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2
Application
It is used in the production of viscose, mineral paints, glazes, in metallurgy (flotation agent) and in medicine.
Active-active substance / beginning: zinc (zinc sulfate, picolinate, asparaginate)
Bio-zinc; Solgar zinc picolinate; zinc sulfate; Zinc aspartate; Zinc picolinate; zinc sulfate; Zincite; Zincteral.
It is used for liver diseases (cirrhosis), enteritis, enteropathic dermatitis, psoriasis, collagenosis (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus), cerebral palsy, frequent colds. Topically used for conjunctivitis, laryngitis, urethritis, vaginitis.
Zinc (zinc sulfate, picolinate, aspartate).
Dosage forms:
Effervescent tablets.
Eye drops.
Solution for external use.
Zinc (zinc sulfate, picolinate, aspartate)
Properties / Action:
Zinc is an essential trace element. It is an integral part of more than 90 different enzymes that synthesize DNA and participate in metabolic processes. Zinc stimulates the synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, tissue regeneration, promotes weight gain. Zinc is necessary for the functioning of insulin, hormones of the gonads, maintains the stability of cell membranes, limiting the release of histamine from mast cells. It limits free radical reactions, prevents damage to cell membranes. Zinc is necessary for the normal activity of lymphoid tissue, alkaline phosphatase, carboxypeptidases, alcohol dehydrogenase.
Zinc increases resistance to infectious diseases, promotes wound healing, accelerates growth, increases efficiency, improves memory, and prevents hair loss.
Certain populations, such as pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, teenagers, athletes, and consistent vegetarians, have an increased need for zinc. Zinc deficiency can be caused by insufficient intake or malnutrition, unbalanced diets, impaired absorption of zinc (for example, with intestinal diseases), or increased excretion of zinc, for example, with alcoholism, taking laxatives or other medications.
Indications:
Elimination of hypozincemia, incl. with violations of anabolic, immunological and other processes, which can occur with liver diseases (especially with cirrhosis), steatorrhea, enteritis, helminthic invasion, enteropathic acrodermatitis, psoriasis, with kidney diseases, hypovitaminosis D, with burns.
Prophylactically in the following conditions: diabetes mellitus, collagenosis (rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus), hypogonadism, alopecia areata, cerebral palsy, frequent colds, glucocorticoids, pregnancy and lactation.
Locally (zinc sulfate):
Conjunctivitis, laryngitis, urethritis, vaginitis.
Dosage and administration:
On an empty stomach, in dragee or effervescent tablets. For the prevention of hypozincemia 10 mg of zinc 1-2 times a day. For therapeutic purposes - 20-50 mg 2-3 times a day.
Locally (zinc sulfate):
With conjunctivitis - eye drops of 0.1-0.5%, with laryngitis - lubrication or spraying with a 0.25-0.5% solution, with urethritis and vaginitis - douching with a 0.1-0.5% solution.
Overdose:
Possible when taken orally: fever, impaired lung function, dehydration, plasma electrolyte imbalance, lethargy, muscle movement disorders, renal failure.
Contraindications:
active autoimmune processes, especially immune encephalitis;
acute renal failure, severe parenchymal lesions of the kidneys.
Use during pregnancy and lactation:
Application is possible only with a proven deficiency of zinc in the body.
Side effect:
Appears when taking large doses. At the same time, dyspeptic disorders (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), dehydration, imbalance of electrolytes in blood plasma, lethargy, and renal failure are observed.
When used in therapeutic doses, complications are extremely rare.
Storage conditions:
At room temperature no higher than 25C.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Expiration dates are indicated on the packaging. The drug cannot be used after the expiration date.
Vacation from the pharmacy: without a doctor's prescription.
zinc oxide (Zincioxidum)
White or white with a yellowish tint amorphous powder, odorless. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air .
Practically insoluble in water and alcohol, soluble in alkali solutions, diluted mineral acids, and also in acetic acid.
When heated, the substance changes color: white at room temperature, zinc oxide becomes yellow. This is explained by a decrease in the band gap and a shift of the edge in the absorption spectrum from the UV region to blue.
Zinc oxide amphoterene - reacts with acids to form salts, when interacting with alkali solutions, it forms complex tri-tetra- and hexahydroxy zincates (Na2, Ba2):
OH-2-
Zinc oxide dissolves in an aqueous solution of ammonia, forming complex ammonia:
ZnO + 4NH3 + H20 - (OH)2
When fused with alkalis and metal oxides, zinc oxide forms zincates:
ZnO + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2O
ZnO + CoO CoZnO2
When fused with oxides of boron and silicon, zinc oxide forms vitreous borates and silicates:
ZnO + B2O3 Zn(BO2)2
ZnO + SiO2 ZnSiO3
Receipt
natural mineral zincite
combustion of zinc vapor in oxygen ("French process")
thermal decomposition of compounds:
acetate Zn(CH3COO)2
hydroxide Zn(OH)2
carbonate ZnCO3
nitrate Zn(NO3)2
oxidative roasting of ZnS sulfide
hydrothermal synthesis
extraction from dust and sludge from metallurgical plants, especially those that work on scrap metal as a raw material (it contains a significant proportion of galvanized iron).
extraction from the ternary phase equilibrium system "zinc nitrate-amine nitrate-water" (with pyridine and quinoline nitrate, the particle size is about 5-10 nm up to 75%)
Application
vulcanization activator of some rubbers
vulcanizing agent for chloroprene rubbers
methanol synthesis catalyst
white pigment in the production of paints and enamels (currently (2007) replaced by non-toxic titanium dioxide TiO2)
filler and pigment in production:
plastics
perfumery and cosmetics
In medicine, in the form of powders and as part of ointments as an antiseptic.
animal feed additive
in the production of glass and paints based on liquid glass
as one of the rust converter components
It is also known that zinc oxide has photocatalytic activity, which is used in practice to create self-cleaning surfaces, bactericidal coatings for walls and ceilings in hospitals, etc. Zinc oxide is not currently used for industrial-scale photocatalytic water purification.
In addition, zinc oxide powder is a promising material as a working medium for powder lasers. Based on zinc oxide, a blue LED was created. Thin films and other nanostructures based on zinc oxide can be used as sensitive gas and biological sensors.
The properties of zinc oxide make it widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Zinc oxide has found wide application in the creation of abrasive toothpastes and cements in therapeutic dentistry, in sunscreens and cosmetic procedures, in the production of electrical cables, artificial leather and rubber products. In addition, the application is widespread in the tire, paint and varnish, oil refining industries. Zinc oxide is involved in the production of glass and ceramics.
Zinc oxide preparations are anti-inflammatory dermatotropic agents with a drying effect for external use. Zinc oxide also has an adsorbing, astringent and antiseptic effect; forms albuminates and denatures proteins. Reduces the phenomena of exudation, inflammation and irritation of tissues, forms a protective barrier against the action of irritating factors. Softens irritated skin. It is used as a remedy with a protective effect in eczema (in the acute stage), dermatitis (diaper dermatitis, contact dermatitis), diaper rash, prickly heat, bedsores, superficial wounds, cuts, scratches, burns, ulcerative skin lesions, herpes simplex, streptoderma, trophic ulcers.
Active active substance:
Zinc oxide / Zinc oxide.
Dosage forms:
Liniment.
zinc oxide
Properties / Action:
Zinc oxide exhibits a weak astringent effect and is used as a protective agent for eczema and skin flaking.
Indications:
intertrigo;
dermatitis, incl. diaper dermatitis (diaper rash in infants), contact dermatitis;
bedsores;
superficial wounds, cuts, scratches;
burns (thermal, solar);
ulcerative skin lesions;
eczema in the acute stage;
simple herpes;
streptoderma;
trophic ulcers.
Dosage and administration:
Zinc oxide preparations are used externally, in the form of an ointment, paste, liniment.
Wash and dry the affected area. Apply to cleansed and dried skin.
Zinc oxide preparations are applied in a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin 4-6 times a day.
The course of treatment is up to 1 month.
The amount of the drug applied depends on the extent of the lesion.
Minor thermal and sunburns, cuts, scratches, wounds - apply a thin layer on the affected surface, if necessary, apply a gauze bandage.
Diaper rash in children - if the first signs of hyperemia, diaper rash or minor skin irritation appear, the ointment is applied 3 or more times a day, if necessary, during each diaper change; prophylactically treat areas of the body that are in prolonged contact with wet linen.
Contraindications:
individual intolerance (including history of hypersensitivity) to zinc oxide.
Side effects:
Allergic reactions (skin itching, hyperemia, skin rash).
Special instructions and precautions:
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes.
The ointment is applied only to superficial and non-infected lesions and is not used to treat pustular skin lesions. Not intended for prescribing treatment without the participation of a doctor.
The drug is not contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
Drug interaction:
Not described.
Storage conditions:
At temperatures up to 30°C, away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
The shelf life is indicated on the packaging.
Vacation from a pharmacy - without a doctor's prescription.
For centuries, zinc oxide has been used in medicine. Mentions of it are found in the ancient Indian medical text "Charaka Samhita". Also, the use of zinc oxide for medical purposes is described by the Greek physician Dioscorides. Today, this substance finds a variety of applications in pharmacology and industry.
zinc oxide is an inorganic compound that is present in the earth's crust as a mineral known as zincite. However, in order to satisfy most of the commercial demand for this compound, it is also synthesized artificially. Chemical formula of zinc oxide ZnO. It is a white, powdery substance that is insoluble in water and alcohol, but soluble in most acids, including hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Burning zinc in air to produce zinc oxide was a common practice among alchemists. The substance obtained in this way looks very loose and resembles white tufts of wool, which is why it is called "the wool of the philosophers."
The mineral zincite may have a slightly yellowish or pinkish color due to the presence of manganese and other impurities. Zinc oxide is known to react strongly with aluminum and magnesium powder. Another interesting property of this inorganic compound is that it is able to absorb ultraviolet radiation. In addition, zinc oxide is known for its properties such as high thermal conductivity and the ability to have an antibacterial effect.
The use of zinc oxide in medicine
- Zinc oxide has antibacterial properties and is therefore widely used in the treatment of a number of skin diseases. It is used as an external remedy to reduce skin irritation and treat minor burns and cuts. Also, this substance can be used as a remedy for dry and keratinized skin.
Zinc oxide is used in newborn care
Zinc oxide is the most widely used product for the treatment and prevention of diaper rash.
It essentially forms a protective barrier between the skin and the diaper,
thus preventing the appearance of any rashes.
- Due to its medicinal properties, it is added to baby powders, anti-dandruff shampoos, antiseptic creams and surgical tapes. Together with iron oxide, this compound is used to create sunburn fluid (calamine lotion).
- Zinc oxide is mixed with eugenol to obtain zinc oxide with eugenol, which is used in dentistry for prosthetics and restoration of teeth.
- The ability to relieve itching and irritation of the skin makes zinc oxide an important ingredient in many rectal suppositories that are used to relieve irritation and discomfort from hemorrhoids.
- It also serves as a source of the mineral nutrient zinc, which is required for a wide range of reactions in the body. Therefore, it is added to food or vitamin supplements. As a dietary supplement, zinc oxide can also be found in fortified breakfast cereals fortified with vitamins and minerals. Due to the presence of fungistatic properties, it is used in the production of packaging material for meat, fish and vegetables.
The use of zinc oxide in cosmetology
- Zinc oxide is able to absorb the ultraviolet radiation of the sun, and thus protect the skin from sunburn and other damage caused by UV rays.
- Zinc oxide is one of the most important ingredients in mineral cosmetics. Since the skin does not absorb it, it does not cause any irritation. In addition, its use does not lead to acne and does not cause allergies.
- Among other things, zinc oxide is used in the manufacture of deodorants and soaps. It helps eliminate body odor and prevents bacterial growth. Zinc oxide also soothes the skin and protects it from irritants.
However, care must be taken when using zinc oxide or products containing it externally. It should not be used to treat severe burns and wounds. It is important to avoid getting zinc oxide in your eyes and mouth. Exposure to zinc oxide fumes can irritate the lungs and cause "caster's fever", which has flu-like symptoms. Thus, inhalation of zinc oxide vapors is dangerous, while zinc oxide itself is not toxic.
An inorganic substance that is in demand in various areas of production, in medicine and in everyday life. ZnO formula. It occurs naturally as the mineral zincite.
Properties
White fine crystalline powder, insoluble in water. Sublimates at t +1800 °C, melts at 2000 °C. It has semiconducting properties, low thermal conductivity, absorbs ultraviolet. Thin films have piezoelectric properties. When heated, it becomes yellow, after cooling it turns white again. Does not burn. When in contact with the skin does not cause irritation, on the contrary, it has an anti-inflammatory and disinfecting effect.
Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide that reacts with both acids and alkalis. The reaction with acids leads to the production of salts, with alkalis - complex compounds of hydroxozincates. Interacts with hydrogen, carbon, ammonia solution, carbon monoxide, methane, calcium carbide, ferrosilicon. As a result of fusion with metal oxides and hydroxides, zincates are obtained, and if the reagent is fused with boron oxide or silicon oxide, then borate and zinc silicate are formed.
Precautionary measures
Zinc oxide is considered a low-hazard and low-toxic substance, non-flammable and non-explosive, IV degree of danger. But dust, suspension, zinc oxide aerosol cause irritation of the respiratory tract and "casting fever". Swallowing leads to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In industries dealing with large quantities of bulk reagent, with roasting brass, workers must use respirators, goggles, gloves and safety shoes.
The reagent should be stored in sealed containers (polyethylene and paper bags or packages; steel, cardboard, plywood barrels and containers), since access to carbon dioxide and moisture from the air can lead to recrystallization into zinc carbonate. If, due to prolonged improper storage, zinc oxide nevertheless turned into zinc carbonate, then it can be restored to its original properties by calcining it. Zinc oxide is stored in covered, dry warehouses without access to sunlight. Permissible storage temperature range - from -40 to +40 °С.
Application of zinc oxide
Filler and dye for rubber, polymers, paper; vulcanizing agent 
for some types of rubbers; catalyst in methanol production; pigment for the paint and varnish industry (zinc white).
- It is used in the production of glass and paints based on liquid glass; rust converter compounds; photocatalytic disinfecting wall and ceiling coatings in hospitals; artificial leather, sole rubbers.
- Filler creams, ointments, powders and powders in cosmetology and pharmaceuticals. Ingredient in sunscreens, toothpastes.
- Mineral supplement for animal feed.
- Raw materials in the glass and ceramic industry.
- In the electronics industry, zinc oxide is used to manufacture varistors (semiconductor elements whose conductivity depends on voltage), phosphors, blue LEDs, powder lasers, thin films for sensors.
- In metallurgy - for the manufacture of electrical cables.
- In medicine, it is used as an antiseptic, drying, astringent, adsorbent substance. It is added to many external dermatological remedies for the treatment of eczema, bedsores, baby prickly heat, herpes simplex, wounds, cuts, burns, ulcers.
- In dentistry, abrasive materials are made, added to dental cement. In surgery, rubber products based on zinc oxide are used.
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