Igor honest. WWF Russia Director Igor Chestin: Yakutia is among the leaders I know that you travel a lot… Why do you need this
My today's interlocutor is , director of WWF Russia, candidate of biological sciences, master's degree in pollution control and the state of the environment (Manchester University, 1991), academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Traveler.
About travel
I know that you travel a lot... Why do you need this?
For two reasons. First, of course, work. Our projects in Russia range from Chukotka to the Barents Sea and from the Caucasus to Lake Khanka. There are foreign trips with WWF colleagues. Secondly, I go on vacation. Every year I try to visit the Western Caucasus. This is my favorite place. I did my dissertation there in the 80s.
For the last 5-7 years, my friends and I have been going on long trips to see the animal world. These are serious trips involving certain scientific research. In 2008 we traveled through South Africa, visited South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe. A little later they traveled to India. We saw 16 tigers in a week. This does not happen in our Far East. To meet one tiger in a week is already a great success.
Have you been to Australia?
Yes, in 1993. Was on a business trip and worked at the biological station of the University of Sydney. Participated in scientific research.
About the animal world
Of my interlocutors, you are the first to make such an emphasis on animals. Why are they interesting to you?
I am a biologist by education. Already from 6-7 I knew that I would become a field biologist and go on expeditions.
What do you want to see, see in the animal world?
It gives me great pleasure to observe animals in their natural habitat. About the same as people go to a museum to look at paintings. So I don’t understand the picture, but I understand the animal world.
What is your favorite animal?
Brown bear. I have been studying it. I know how this animal lives. Unfortunately, I don't know what it means...
It is a great pleasure for me to watch how a bear fishes in Kamchatka or digs roots in the Caucasus.
You mentioned that the animal thinks. Do animals really think?
Of course. Another question is how they think. It is believed that animals do not have abstract thinking. They think objectively. They are having dreams. To verify this, it is enough to watch a sleeping dog or cat.
What can humans learn from animals?
Naturalness. Look at an animal in captivity. It often seems absurd. And when you look at an animal in its natural environment, you immediately understand how harmoniously this animal fits into its environment.
And what to learn...? You can try to learn this harmony. Learn how to eat right. What it is? For example, how to eat exactly as much as you need. Learn not to occupy territory that is larger than you need. Do not deplete what your life and the life of your species depends on. Humanity has long upset this balance. We consume about 35% more than is reproduced. This is the road to nowhere.
So we're eating up the planet?
Yes. Animals don't do this.
But animals don't produce anything...
It's like looking. For example, herbivores consume grass and produce dung, which is an excellent fertilizer. This is a stable system. The system built by mankind is not stable.
About happiness
You once said that you invented your own definition of happiness. What is happiness?
For me, happiness is the certainty that you are living the right life. This is an internal state that does not depend on material well-being, marital status or even health. This is for me. For other people, this state can be achieved in a variety of ways. Someone needs money, someone definitely needs a loved one nearby.
What is the "right life"?
You can replace the word "correct" with the word "own". To be happy, you have to live your life. The feeling of happiness is an indicator of the correctness of your way of living. If suddenly you stop feeling this sensation, it means that you have gone astray somewhere.
How much can you trust your inner feeling?
I think you can trust. This, incidentally, is another point that can be learned from animals. They know how to rely on their feelings. I note that for a person this does not at all mean a rejection of logical thinking. I'm talking about paying more attention to your feelings, without sacrificing your thinking skills.
What is intuition?
This is one of the sensations, a way of finding a solution, bypassing the logical chain.
Is intuition trainable?
Of course, like any feeling. If you do not drive your feelings into the background of consciousness, then intuition can be developed quite well. By the way, this is classical biology: if you train, it develops; if you don’t train, it degrades.
It is said that all animals live in the here and now. Do you think this is correct? Should a person live like this?
Man is also an animal... There are a number of philosophies (I won't call them religions!), whose followers live in the here and now. Taoism, for example. Or Chan Buddhism.
We must rejoice every day. Take the maximum of sensations and be filled with them. This does not mean at all that we should not think about tomorrow. You just need to think. But at the same time, it is important to learn not to worry about tomorrow. If you live today, and your negative emotions come from tomorrow or from yesterday, then this is wrong.
If you could travel with any travel companion, who would you choose? It does not have to be a real character or our contemporary.
If you go back in time, I would like to go on a trip with David Livingston, look at old Africa. Przhevalsky's expeditions to Tibet are also very interesting. Sea travel doesn't really appeal to me.
What makes an interesting life for you? From what components?
An interesting life is made up of diversity. Everyone has their own. Traveling is also a variety. And work too.
Are you curious? Curiosity?
Yes, typical, but in moderation. Sometimes, if there is a lot of new information, it ceases to be perceived.
If I asked you to describe yourself in one sentence, what would you say?
It’s difficult in one sentence ... But I would probably say this: " A little bit of everything". I will not name the area in which I reached the very top. But the number of areas of activity that interest me is quite large. Therefore, a little bit of everything.
About the Foundation
I constantly admire the work of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Tell me, in what way can you provide real assistance to your activity?
The simplest help is financial support. It is the support of individuals that allows our organization to remain independent of government and business. In the world, more than 60% of funds come to WWF from individual supporters. If this is difficult, then participation in our actions - collection of signatures, public events, etc.
The unique nature of Yakutia is one of the most ecologically clean corners of the country and the world. Our republic has already established itself as one of the "greenest" regions of Russia. Director of the World Wildlife Fund Igor Chestin notes thatThe Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) occupies a leading position in the field of conservation of natural diversity and environmental protection.
A particularly outstanding achievement is the system of specially protected natural areas, which occupies about a third of the territory of the Republic, which, both in absolute (more than 100 million hectares) and in relative terms, exceeds similar indicators for other subjects of the Russian Federation. The system of protected areas created in the Republic, which is a matter of legitimate pride and a model for other regions, enjoys the constant support and attention of the leadership. Its improvement continues - new ones are being created, the nature protection status is gradually increasing and the areas of existing protected areas are expanding, the most advanced methods of managing protected natural areas are being introduced. In addition to the development of the system of regional PAs of republican significance, much attention is paid to the development of the system of PAs of federal significance - the Republic supports the creation of federal PAs and itself comes up with similar initiatives.
A lot of work is being carried out in the republic on the conservation of individual rare and especially significant species. For a number of years, with the most active participation of employees of the republican departments, the Bear Patrol program has been successfully implemented, aimed at preventing and mitigating conflicts between humans and polar bears, as well as preventing poaching, including in key breeding areas.
The contribution of the Republic to the conservation of the Yakut population of the Siberian crane (Siberian crane), achieved in close cooperation with colleagues from the People's Republic of China, is extremely significant. The condition of wild reindeer populations is also of great concern in the Republic. Recently, the Ministry of Nature Protection of the Republic supported the initiative of colleagues from the Krasnoyarsk Territory to introduce special measures to conserve the Taimyr population of this species, whose roaming area also covers vast territories in the west of the Republic.
The Republic pays great attention to the restoration and enrichment of the fauna. The reintroduction of the musk ox was successfully carried out, the free populations of which currently exist in several uluses. At present, the Republic itself has become a "donor" of this species for introduction to other subjects of the Russian Federation. No less successful is the program for the introduction of wood bison, which is still in its early stages, but has already carried out the first release of a small group of bison into nature.
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF Russia) and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) have been linked by more than two decades of fruitful cooperation, with the mutual support of environmental initiatives of both sides. Joint activities mainly include the expansion of the system of specially protected natural areas (including those of federal significance) and the implementation of programs related to the conservation of the polar bear. In the spring of 2017, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the World Wide Fund for Nature signed an Agreement on cooperation in the field of environmental protection, which provides for the further development of cooperation, including the continuation of joint activities to create specially protected natural areas, give them international status, protect the polar bear, Siberian crane and wild reindeer.
transcript
1 Igor Chestin, Director of WWF Russia
2 Analysis of the fulfillment of the tasks of the state policy in the field of environmental development and the relevant instructions of the President of the Russian Federation 13 tasks 67 subtasks 12 (18%) 19 (28%) 36 (54%) completed completed partially not implemented, implementation is lagging behind plans
3 2 3 The biggest backlog in terms of tasks Improving the legal and regulatory framework for environmental protection and environmental safety. Ensuring environmentally oriented economic growth and the introduction of environmentally efficient innovative technologies Prevention and reduction of the current negative impact on the environment Restoration of disturbed natural ecological systems Ensuring environmentally safe waste management 5 Preservation of the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, objects of flora and fauna culture, development of environmental education and upbringing. 5 2
4 1 Formation of an effective management system in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety, which provides for the interaction and coordination of the activities of state authorities. Number of meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation on the implementation of the Fundamentals of Environmental Policy and State Programs The Government of Russia is paying less attention to policy issues in the field of environmental development and environmental protection Quantitative assessments of the state of the environment and environmental safety are not used in assessing the activities of public authorities 22 May
5 1 Formation of an effective management system in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety, which provides for the interaction and coordination of the activities of state authorities. Efficiency of environmental supervision remains at the same level 22 May
6 2 Improving the legal framework for environmental protection and environmental safety 56 laws were adopted in the years. in the field of environmental protection The development of the legal system is active, but a number of laws, incl. in the field of protected areas, weaken the requirements for environmental protection The process of harmonization and adoption of draft laws on EIA, SEE and SEA, as well as on protective forests is significantly delayed Implementation of the task of strengthening responsibility for violation of environmental legislation is progressing successfully 22 May
7 3 Ensuring environmentally oriented economic growth and the introduction of environmentally efficient innovative technologies. Formation of an environmentally oriented economy: the level of investment in the modernization of traditional industries remains extremely low. There is a significant lag in taking into account indicators of the efficiency of the use of natural resources and energy in state regulation 22 May
8 4 Prevention and reduction of the current negative impact on the environment. Environmental regulation on the basis of technological standards is proceeding in accordance with the schedule Decrease in indicators of emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, waste generation is slower than planned. May 22
9 4 Prevention and reduction of the current negative impact on the environment. Despite the introduction of mandatory SEE for design documentation for category I facilities, for more than two years a draft federal law has been agreed upon and not adopted, which: - improves the procedure for conducting SEE; - brings the EIA procedure in line with international legal acts; - creates a legal framework for SEA. Implementation of measures envisaged by the Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation is lagging behind 22 May
10 5 Restoration of disturbed natural ecological systems Inventory and identification of areas with an unfavorable situation is lagging far behind. The organization of work on the phased elimination of the environmental consequences of past economic activities is slow. The main factor is insufficient financial support The adoption of the draft federal law on compensation for harm and the elimination of accumulated damage to the environment is delayed 22 May
11 5 Restoration of disturbed natural ecological systems preservation and restoration of protective and environment-forming functions of natural ecological systems outside specially protected natural areas 22 May
12 6 Ensuring environmentally sound waste management The task of preventing and reducing the generation of waste is being tackled with good reason. Significant reduction only for class I-II waste. The tasks of using low-waste and resource-saving technologies, creating and developing infrastructure for waste disposal and recycling are being implemented with a significant lag 22 May
13 6 Ensuring environmentally safe waste management The Decree of the Government of Russia, which approves the list of wastes prohibited for burial, has not been approved. Despite the creation of a legal framework for the implementation of safe waste management and recycling, the established system of taxation, accounting and reporting in the field of waste management, the lack of mechanisms for using environmental payments hinder the development of the waste processing business. A legal framework has been created to ensure environmental safety in the storage and disposal of waste and to carry out work on the ecological restoration of the territories of waste disposal facilities after their operation is completed 22 May
14 7 Preservation of the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, objects of flora and fauna Russia's obligations in preparation for the 2014 Olympic Games have not been fulfilled The law strengthening the legal regime of nature reserves and national parks has not been adopted Strengthening the protection and development of the system of specially protected natural areas is underway with a significant lag, especially in terms of marine areas (2.5%) 22 May
15 7 Preservation of the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, objects of flora and fauna Successes have been achieved in restoring the population of a number of species (Amur tiger, Amur leopard, bison), saiga on the verge of extinction. Problems with the system of registration, monitoring, storage of information about rare species. May 22
16 7 Preservation of the natural environment, including natural ecological systems, objects of flora and fauna The problem of invasive species has become much more acute over the years; the measures taken are not effective 22 May
17 8 Development of economic regulation and market instruments for environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The following tasks have not been completed or are being implemented with a significant lag: replacement of fees for above-limit environmental pollution with compensation for harm; incentives for enterprises implementing programs of environmental rehabilitation of territories; providing an advantage in public procurement of goods that meet environmental requirements; encourage environmentally responsible investment increase environmental and social responsibility of business 22 May
18 8 Development of economic regulation and market-based instruments for environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The task of taking into account the costs of environmental protection measures when setting fees for environmental impact is being successfully implemented Market-based instruments for environmental protection of the system of voluntary environmental certification are being successfully developed 22 May
19 9 Improving the system of state environmental monitoring (environmental monitoring) and predicting natural and man-made emergencies, as well as climate change The creation and development of a unified automated state system of environmental monitoring, the use of automated systems for recording negative environmental impacts are being actively implemented. Development of a network of observation posts and stations are doing well, timely communication of information on the state of the environment is lagging behind A base has been created for the possibility of using the results of environmental monitoring when making decisions on social and economic development 22 May
20 9 Improving the system of state environmental monitoring (environmental monitoring) and predicting natural and man-made emergencies, as well as climate change The creation and development of a unified automated state system of environmental monitoring is being actively implemented, the use of automated systems for recording the negative impact on the environment Development of a network of observation posts and stations are doing well, timely communication of information on the state of the environment is lagging behind A base has been created for the possibility of using the results of environmental monitoring when making decisions on social and economic development 22 May
21 10 Scientific and informational and analytical support for environmental protection and ecological safety The task of expanding complex fundamental and applied research in the field of forecasting environmental threats, as well as negative consequences associated with climate change is being implemented. indicators of technogenic impact on the environment and indicators of environmental efficiency of environmental activities 22 May
22 11 Formation of environmental culture, development of environmental education and upbringing Public opinion polls record negative trends in the awareness and interest of the population in environmental protection and climate change issues The task of state support for the dissemination of environmental and resource-saving information through the media has not been completed environment into new educational standards 22 May
23 11 Formation of environmental culture, development of environmental education and upbringing The state support of educational institutions providing education in the field of environmental protection is not fully implemented The task of environmental education of employees and management of enterprises is being carried out, but with insufficient scientific and methodological support and intensity 22 May
24 12 Ensuring the effective participation of citizens, public associations, non-profit organizations and the business community in resolving issues related to environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The federal law on ensuring the participation of stakeholders in EIA and SEA has not been adopted for several years The task of publicizing information has not been completed, contained in declarations and permits for environmental impact Mechanisms have been created for publishing draft regulations in the field of the environment, but their effectiveness is insufficient There are no requirements for the openness of environmental information of enterprises in the legislation, but there are voluntary mechanisms for information transparency 22 May
25 13 Development of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and ensuring environmental safety The task of harmonizing Russian legislation with international environmental law has not been completed. The Espoo Convention, the Aarhus Convention, etc. have not been ratified. The level of cooperation with the countries of Europe and North America has decreased, but cooperation with the countries of Asia has increased. International information exchange in the field of wildlife conservation is developing, which is less affected by the deterioration of political relations. The task of introducing international environmental standards is being successfully implemented. , voluntary environmental certification systems 22 May
26 Main conclusions: In general, the implementation of the Fundamentals of State Policy in the field of environmental development is lagging behind. The term for the implementation of the Fundamentals until 2030 makes it possible to fulfill them, subject to the revitalization of activities. Main outstanding tasks: - The federal law on SEE, EIA and SEA has not been adopted; - The federal law on strengthening the regime of nature reserves and national parks has not been adopted; - A number of measures have not been taken to develop the system of protected areas and the protection of wildlife; - Weak fulfillment of tasks in the field of economic incentives for environmental protection and investment in "green" technologies; -Main international environmental conventions not ratified 22 May
27 Main conclusions: The tasks related to the development of voluntary environmental protection mechanisms are being successfully implemented: voluntary environmental certification, voluntary environmental reporting of enterprises In accordance with the plan, the tasks of scientific support of environmental protection activities, environmental monitoring are being implemented The implementation of a number of tasks cannot be assessed, either due to the lack of necessary information in the public domain, or due to the vagueness of their wording 22 May
28 Analysis of the implementation of the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection and natural resources in the years. Instructions on the conservation of Amur tigers and Far Eastern leopards Pr-2624 dated 50% completed Instructions on the safe development of the Arctic Pr-1530 dated 22% completed May
29 Analysis of the implementation of the instructions of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection and natural resources in the years. Instructions on the development of the federal law on specially protected natural areas Pr-210 dated 50% completed 1 1 Instructions on the creation and development of the Bikin National Park Pr-729 dated 50% completed May
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Igor Chestin has been managing the Russian representative office of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) since 1996, simultaneously managing to spend several months a year on expeditions, writing articles and monographs, flying from continent to continent and sharing experience with colleagues from other public and environmental organizations. In his interest in nature, he is extremely consistent: in his early youth he worked as a shepherd and even has a military specialty with a rare biological bias - “zoologist-epidemiologist”. She loves spending time with her children, traveling in the mountains and watching wild animals in their natural habitat. The latter is fundamental: Igor, among other things, measures his achievements by the number (about 500) of personally detained poachers. Member of the Snob project since May 2009.
City where I live
Birthday
Where he was born
Moscow
Who was born
Mom is an engineer, dad is a surgeon.
Where and what did you study
He began to study at the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology of the Kalinin State University, transferred and graduated from the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University (specialty - zoology and botany). In 1990-1991 he studied at the University of Manchester. Queen Victoria (M. Sc., pollution and environmental control).
Served?
No, senior lieutenant of the reserve with a rare specialty "zoologist-epidemiologist".
Where and how did you work?
In his student years, he worked as a shepherd, watchman, loader, in England he worked as a laborer at a juice factory in Manchester. Since 1984, he worked at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University.
Since 1996 - Director of WWF Russia.
Academic degrees and titles
PhD in Biology, Master in Pollution Control and Environmental Health (University of Manchester, 1991), Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
What did he do
For 10 years he worked on expeditions for 3-5 months a year, visited all continents, wrote a bunch of articles, several books, brought several public organizations to a new level of work.
Achievements
Children (3 daughters); WWF Russia is the largest Russian environmental organization with great authority; nature conservation is back on the agenda of the country.
public affairs
He was the chairman of the council of the pioneer detachment, the commander of the Nature Conservation Team of the Kalinin State University, the commander of the Nature Protection Team of the Biological Faculty of Moscow State University, the confidant of candidates for members of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR M.Ya. Lemeshev and A.V. Yablokov (1989), member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation (2005-2008), etc.
Public acceptance
Sign "For Nature Protection" of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, sign "Honorary worker of nature conservation" of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, knight of the Order of the Golden Ark (Netherlands), award "Profession - life".
Important life events
Joining the Circle of Young Zoo Biologists (KYUBZ, 1976), entering Moscow State University, having children, joining WWF.
First created and invented
own definition of happiness
The president
Born in 1962 in Moscow.
He began his higher education at the Kalinin (now Tver) State University in 1979 at the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, then transferred to the Faculty of Biology of Lomonosov Moscow State University. During his studies, he actively participated in the work of student squads for nature protection in Tver, and then in Moscow, in both he was elected commander.
In 1985 he graduated from Moscow State University with a degree in Zoology and Botany, having defended a diploma on the topic “Use of the territory by brown bears in the Western Caucasus” and remained at the Department of Vertebrate Zoology. In 1990-1991 he received a second higher education and a master's degree in pollution control and the environment from the University of Manchester. Queen Victoria (UK). The theme of the master's thesis is "Possible use of economic methods in the Soviet system of environmental impact assessment". Then he defended his Ph.D. thesis at Moscow State University on the topic "Systematics and ecology of brown bears in the Caucasus."
He worked at the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University as a researcher. He took part in expeditions, supervised the work of students, gave lectures, led scientific projects and student practices. He has published more than 50 scientific papers, including 2 monographs, mainly on large mammals.
In 1996, he headed the Russian office of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in a competition. At that time it was a small organization in Moscow with a staff of just over 10 people and an annual budget of 500 thousand US dollars, received entirely from other organizations in the WWF network. Over time, the office has grown into a leading Russian environmental organization, led by a Russian Board, with 7 regional offices, a staff of over 100 people and a budget of about 400 million rubles, much of which comes from national sources.
Igor and his colleagues are members of the Public Council under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation, the Federal Forestry Agency, the Ministry of Energy, Rosatom, etc. In 2006-2008 Igor was a member of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, and in 2017 he re-entered it. Since 2012, he has been a member of the Expert Council of the Open Government of the Russian Federation.
Igor was repeatedly awarded various prizes and signs, including the badge of the Central Committee of the Komsomol "For the Protection of Nature" (1986), "Green Man of the Year" (2002), Honorary Worker of Nature Protection (Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, 2003), "Profession - life" (2006). In 2002 he was elected a full member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. In 2004, Igor was made a knight of the Order of the Golden Ark, established by Prince Bernard of the Netherlands. In 2013, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was awarded the title of Honored Ecologist of the Russian Federation.
