Non-metals in nature and human life. General characteristics of non-metals The biological role of non-metals in the life of living organisms
Lesson Objectives:
- generalize, analyze and expand students' knowledge about non-metals, their role in animate and inanimate nature, in human life, about the need for proper handling of non-metals, the role of each person in solving environmental problems of the atmosphere;
- to orient students to the application of new knowledge in the system of multidisciplinary concepts.
The motto of the lesson: "The power and strength of science - in the multitude of facts, the goal - in the generalization of this multitude." (D.I. Mendeleev)
Equipment (on the demonstration table):
- samples of non-metals: iodine, bromine, sulfur;
- pencils, crystal glassware, faience, samples of ceramics, glass.
On the desk: illustrations of sculptures, buildings, non-metal minerals.
During the classes
I. Formulation of the cognitive goal. Emotional immersion in the topic
Hello guys! I am glad to see you all, and I hope that our meeting will be interesting and informative. We are completing our acquaintance with the world of non-metals and today in the lesson we will summarize everything that we have learned.
I would like to start the lesson with the lines of S. Shchipachev
: Everything from a small blade of grass to planets
It consists of single elements.
(The presentation slideshow starts.) What do all these illustrations have in common? (listen to students' answers). Yes, all this is formed by a small group of elements, the name of which is non-metals. Today, from the many facts, we will highlight the most important, most fully characterizing the world of these amazing substances.
I explain the order of work in groups, the conditions for presenting the results.
II. Analytical work in groups.
I draw students' attention to the epigraph to the lesson, explain the tasks of the lesson, and students begin analytical group work (10-12 minutes), during which classical music sounds.
- The work of the groups includes the following activities:
- The study of educational and popular science literature;
- Work with visual material (geographical atlas for the 9th grade, collections)
- Chart Analysis
- Filling tables
A prerequisite for successful work at the seminar and the implementation of the tasks set is to provide each workplace with a set of literature, visual aids and other means.
Exercise 1.
Non-metals in nature. The value of non-metals for human life.
1. What elements are called non-metals? How many non-metal elements are in the periodic table?
2. What is the greenhouse effect? What role do the hydrogen compounds of carbon play in this?
Sources of information:
1. Children's encyclopedia, v.3, p. 433, M., 1975
2. Khodakov Yu.V., Epshtein D.A., Gloriozov P.A. Inorganic Chemistry - 9. M., 1988, pp. 93-95
Task 5.
The value of non-metals and their compounds in industry and human life.
1 What is the silicate industry? What are the branches in the silicate industry? What is the raw material? Look at the collections "Glass and glass products", "Building materials", "Raw materials for the construction industry" and select samples from them to illustrate your answer at the board. Draw the results in the form of diagram 1 on a sheet of A3 paper (Appendix 5).
4. What is majolica? Terracotta? Gzhel? What do they have to do with the silicate industry?
3. Why do you think sulfuric acid is called the "bread of industry"?
Sources of information:
1. Children's Encyclopedia, v.3, p. 438, M., 1975
2. Khodakov Yu.V., Epshtein D.A., Gloriozov P.A. Inorganic Chemistry - 9. M., 1988, pp. 90-93.
3. Reading book on inorganic chemistry. Part 2., M., Enlightenment, 1975, pp. 284-286
4. Feldman F.G., Rudzitis G.E. Chemistry. Grade 9, M., Enlightenment, 1994, p. 97
5. Chemistry for the humanities. Volgograd, 2005, pp. 43-48
III. Presentation of the results of group work.
Representatives of the groups make presentations on their topics. To illustrate the answers at the blackboard, schoolchildren use samples from the collections "Glass and glass products", "Building materials", "Raw materials for the construction industry". Before the start of their presentations, they place on the blackboard the diagrams and diagrams that they have been given for analysis.
The order in which the results are presented is determined by the task numbers.
Based on the materials presented on the board, all students make a short summary of the lesson.
IV. The discussion of the results. Conclusions.
I organize a brief discussion of the results of the seminar, and formulate conclusions.
V. The results of the lesson. Reflective analysis.
When summing up the results of the seminar, I return to the motto of the lesson. Students make a conclusion about the achievement of the goal of the lesson.
Against the background of classical music, I give out reflective analysis cards to students, on which they indicate the class, last name, first name, evaluate their work in the lesson, the work of the group and the form of organization of the lesson on a 5-point scale.
The students then answer the following questions:
1. What did you especially like about the lesson?
2. What is the use of this lesson for you?
3. What difficulties did you face in the lesson?
Reflective analysis card
Class _____________________
Surname, name ____________________________________________
Your work in class _____________
The work of the group _______________
Lesson organization form _______________
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
2 slide
Description of the slide:
The prevalence of chemical elements in animate and inanimate nature differs significantly. More than 1/2 of the mass of the earth's crust is oxygen, 1/5 is silicon. In a living organism, 6 non-metal elements predominate: C, H, O, N, P, S - which account for 97.4% of the mass of the whole organism. These elements are called organogens.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
Living organisms prefer compounds of those elements that are able to form sufficiently strong, but at the same time labile bonds. That is why the #1 organogen is carbon. Hydrogen and oxygen are much less labile atoms, but they form a stable and unique environment for the existence of compounds of other elements - water - and ensure the flow of both acid-base and redox processes.
4 slide
Description of the slide:
Macro- and microelements According to their quantitative content in living matter, chemical elements are usually conditionally divided into "macro" and "micro" elements. Macronutrients include 4 elements: C, H, O, N, which account for 96% of the mass of living matter. Microelements include Ca, P, K, S (total 3%) and I, Cl, Fe, Na, Mg, Cu, Co, Zn (total 1%).
5 slide
Description of the slide:
Macro- and microelements perform fundamentally different functions in living organisms. Macronutrients form the basis of load-bearing tissues, provide the properties of the entire environment of the body as a whole: maintain certain pH values; osmotic pressure; maintain the acid-base balance within the required limits; hold particles of certain substances in a colloidal state.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
Properties of non-metals organogens Oxygen Oxygen is an element that provides life on Earth. The atmosphere contains about 20.8% oxygen. Without oxygen, numerous and extremely important life processes, especially respiration, are impossible. In living organisms, oxygen is spent on the oxidation of various substances, and the main process is the reaction of oxygen with hydrogen atoms to form water, as a result of which a significant amount of energy is released.
7 slide
Description of the slide:
Carbon Carbon in terms of its content in the body (21%) and importance for living organisms is one of the most important organogens. The simplest carbon compounds, for example, free carbon in the form of soot and its oxide CO, are toxic to humans. Prolonged contact with soot or coal dust causes skin cancer. The smallest dust of coal causes a change in the structure of the lungs, and therefore disrupts their functions. Carbon dioxide CO2 is present in the biosphere as a product of respiration and oxidation products.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
Hydrogen Hydrogen occurs naturally in the form of water and numerous organic compounds. Water is the main living environment of an organism. Water has a high specific heat and, due to slow heat exchange with the environment, maintains a constant body temperature. In the aquatic environment, due to buffer systems (carbonate, phosphate and hemoglobin), the acid-base balance of the body is maintained.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
Tissue, organ, bio-liquid Water content, % pH Brain 83 6.8 - 7.4 Spinal cord 74.8 "Kidneys 82" Heart 79 "Lungs 79" Muscles 75 "Skin 72 6.2 - 7.5 Liver 70 6 .4 – 7.4 Skeleton 46 6.4 – 7.4 Gastric juice 99.5 0.9 – 1.1 Saliva 99.4 6.35 – 6.85 Blood plasma 92 7.4 Urine 83 4.8 – 7.5 Bile 75 7.5 – 8.5 Lacrimal fluid 99 7.4
10 slide
Description of the slide:
Nitrogen Nitrogen is present in living organisms in the form of various organic compounds: amino acids, peptides, purine bases, etc., as well as in the form of free N2, which enters with inhaled air. NO molecules are able to penetrate into the cells of the walls of blood vessels and regulate blood flow; in addition, NO controls insulin secretion, renal filtration, etc. Inhalation of ammonia NH3 vapor in large quantities is harmful, since ammonia creates a strongly alkaline environment on the surface of the mucous membranes of the larynx and lungs, which causes irritation and swelling.
11 slide
Description of the slide:
Phosphorus Phosphorus plays an extremely important role in metabolism. More than 86% of phosphorus is part of the solid tissues of animals. In the form of phosphate, phosphorus is an essential component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Phosphorus is a constituent of proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides and other biologically active compounds.
12 slide
Description of the slide:
Sulfur Sulfur is part of the sulfhydryl groups of SH proteins, and is also present as sulfates and hydrogen sulfide in the gastrointestinal tract. As a result of human activity, sulfur compounds are released into the atmosphere, which are the most active air pollutants.
13 slide
Description of the slide:
Halogens Of the halogens, the most important bioelement is chlorine (0.1% by weight). Chlorine is found predominantly in the extracellular fluid. Chloride ions take part in the formation of the blood buffer system, regulate osmotic pressure in water-salt metabolism, promote the deposition of glycogen in the liver, and maintain high acidity in the stomach. Lack of iodine causes the disease hypothyroidism, in which endemic goiter grows. F- ions are present in the body in bone and dental tissues in the form of fluorapatite.
14 slide
Description of the slide:
Some non-metals (B, As, Se, Si, etc.) are often present in the body in trace amounts; nevertheless, their role is noticeable and essential. Selenium (Se) has recently come to be considered a vital element. The disadvantage is manifested in the cessation of growth, liver necrosis, atrophy of the pancreas. Arsenic (As) refers to trace elements; in the human body, the As content ranges from 0.008 to 0.02 mg per 100 g of tissue. Silicon (Si) is a microelement. It has been established that in the case of tuberculosis and cancer, the excretion of silicon by the kidneys decreases. The ingress of silicon compounds into the body causes leukocytosis, and the inhalation of dust with SiO2 causes the occupational disease silicosis (sclerosis of the lung tissue).
This project was carried out by 9th grade students who became interested in the role of non-metals in human life.
Educational project in chemistry
"Nonmetals in our life".
Methodical presentation:
Introduction
Project work.
Introduction
Project theme:"Nonmetals in our life".
Item: chemistry.
Class: 9-a.
Age: 15-16 years old.
Number of students: 4.
Project time: about 2 months.
Work form: lesson - extracurricular.
Motivation to work
Project work
Project presentation
Project product
Educational project in chemistry
"Nonmetals in our life".
Methodical presentation:
Introduction
Methodical passport of the educational project
Project work.
Introduction
The project method is one of the components of teaching chemistry. This method most fully reflects the two main principles of the communicative approach to teaching chemistry: motivation for learning - in project activities it is always positive - and personal interest: the project reflects the interests of students, their own world. Students of the 9th grade carried out this project as part of the study of chemistry.
Methodical passport of the educational project
Project theme:"Nonmetals in our life".
Item: chemistry.
Class: 9-a.
Age: 15-16 years old.
Number of students: 4.
Project time: about 2 months.
Work form: lesson - extracurricular.
Educational and educational goals:
Develop interest in the subject;
Develop the ability to design, work with an informational text, additional literature, search for the necessary information;
Develop communication skills in role-playing interaction.
Motivation to work based on interest in the topic.
The topic "Non-metals" was studied in the lessons according to the plan, but only 4 students wanted to work it out more deeply: Andrey Ryabinin, Tatiana Lazukina, Tatiana Petelina, Anastasia Strekova. All project participants collected material, which was designed in the form of a presentation by Andrey Ryabinin.
Project work
Stage 1 (organizational): having chosen the topic of their research, the students defined tasks and planned their activities. The role of the teacher is guiding based on motivation.
Stage 2 (search and research): students collected information on their topic, prepared a visual presentation of their research. The role of the teacher is observational, the students mostly worked independently.
Stage 3 (presentation of the project and its product). The role of the teacher is cooperation.
Project presentation
The presentation was held in the form of a conference at the lesson, where riddles and a test on non-metals were presented and a conclusion was made about the great role of non-metals in human life.
Project product
The project participants made a stand where they presented exhibits containing various non-metals used in our life.
View document content
"Educational project "non-metals in our life""
non-metals
Solid
gaseous
Liquid
Cl 2
H 2
non-metals are chemical elements that can exhibit properties like oxidizing agent (accept electrons), and reducing agent (donate electrons).
NM – elements with high OEE (2 - 4)
Exceptions: fluorine - oxidant only
inert gases can only donate electrons.
Helium, neon and argon - do not form connections.
Elements in inanimate nature
Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium
Hydrogen
Rest
Being in nature
native elements
Nitrogen and oxygen, inert gases in air
Sulfur
Graphite C
Diamond C
Being in nature
← Apatity R
Halite NaCl →
← FeS 2 pyrite
Quartz
SiO 2 →
5 B
6 C
14 Si
7 N
1 H
15 P
8 O
9 F
16 S
33 As
2 He
10 Ne
17 Cl
34 Se
35 Br
52 Te
18 Ar
53 I
36 kr
54 Xe
85 At
86 Rn
Basic non-metals.
In free form, there can be gaseous non-metallic simple substances - fluorine, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, solid - iodine, astatine, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, arsenic, carbon, silicon, boron. Bromine exists as a liquid at room temperature.
We will consider only a few
it is a green gas
The use of chlorine.
simple substance chlorine under normal conditions - a poisonous gas of a yellowish-green color, with a pungent odor. The chlorine molecule is diatomic (formula Cl2).
Chlorine is very active - it combines directly with almost all elements of the periodic table. Therefore, in nature, it occurs only in the form of compounds in the composition of minerals.
Application
1. In the production of polyvinyl chloride, plastic compounds, synthetic rubber, from which they are made:
- insulation for wires, window profiles, packaging materials, clothing and footwear, linoleum and phonograph records, varnishes, equipment and foam plastics, toys, parts of appliances, building materials.
2. The bleaching properties of chlorine have been known since ancient times, although it is not chlorine itself that “bleaches”, but atomic oxygen, which is formed during the decomposition of hypochlorous acid.
3. Production of organochlorine insecticides - substances that kill insects harmful to crops, but are safe for plants. A significant part of the produced chlorine is spent on obtaining plant protection products.
4. It was used as a chemical warfare agent, as well as for the production of other chemical warfare agents: mustard gas, phosgene.
5. For water disinfection - "chlorination". The most common method of disinfecting drinking water; is based on the ability of free chlorine and its compounds to inhibit the enzyme systems of microorganisms that catalyze redox processes.
- In terms of durability when interacting with chlorinated water, copper water pipes demonstrate positive results.
6. Registered in the food industry as a food additive E925 .
7. In the chemical production of hydrochloric acid, bleach, berthollet salt, metal chlorides, poisons, medicines, fertilizers.
8. In metallurgy for the production of pure metals: titanium, tin, tantalum, niobium.
9. As an indicator of solar neutrinos in chlorine-argon detectors.
window profile made
main component
bleach is
Labarrakov water (sodium hypochlorite).
Many developed countries are trying to limit the use of chlorine in the home, including because the burning of chlorine-containing garbage produces a significant amount of dioxins.
The biological role of chlorine.
In humans and animals, chlorine is found mainly in intercellular fluids (including blood) and plays an important role in the regulation of osmotic processes, as well as in processes associated with the functioning of nerve cells.
it is a light yellow brittle solid, odorless in its pure form.
Sulfur differs significantly from oxygen in its ability to form stable chains and cycles from sulfur atoms. This is crystalline sulfur - a brittle yellow substance.
The use of sulfur.
Sulfur is used for the production of sulfuric acid, rubber vulcanization, as a fungicide in agriculture and as colloidal sulfur - a drug. Also, sulfur in the composition of sulfur-bitumen compositions is used to produce sulfur asphalt.
Sulfur needed
for the body, a macronutrient is
a prerequisite for healthy skin,
hair and nails, for which she is often called
"beauty mineral" .
And also sulfur...
- participates in the formation of cartilaginous and bone tissues, improves the functioning of joints and ligaments;
- affects the condition of the skin, hair and nails (part of collagen, keratin and melanin);
- strengthens muscle tissue (especially during the period of active growth in children and adolescents);
- participates in the formation of certain vitamins and enhances the effectiveness of vitamin B1, biotin, vitamin B5;
- has a wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect;
- reduces joint, muscle pain and cramps;
- contributes to the neutralization and leaching of toxins from the body;
- stabilizes blood sugar levels;
- helps the liver to secrete bile;
- increases resistance to radio emission!
The daily requirement of an adult healthy person for sulfur is 4-6 g.
Sulfur sources:
Vegetable:
cabbage, onion, asparagus, horseradish, gooseberries, grapes, apples, garlic;
Cereals:
Cereals, legumes, baked goods.
Animals: - lean beef; - a fish;- chicken eggs; - milk and dairy products.
Gases - non-metals - diatomic molecules
Solid substance - Non-metal iodine
Alcohol solution of iodine
Bromine
When bromine is dissolved in water
produces bromine water
Compounds of non-metals .
1) Oxides - only acidic
SO 3 , SO 2 , CO 2 and others.
(except for NO and CO – indifferent)
2) Hydroxides - only acids
H 2 SO 4 , H 2 SO 3 ,H 2 CO 3 and others
Form volatile compounds with hydrogen HCl, NH 3
Atomic structure NeMe
1. Elements are located in the main subgroups of III-VIII groups (A).
2. At the last level 3 - 7(8) electrons.
3. The radius of the atom decreases
4. Non-metallic properties
In the period - increase
In the group - decrease
Structure of NeMe
5. High electronegativity.
6. They accept electrons and give them away.
7. NeMe → acid oxide → acid
8. Volatile hydrogen compounds
(acids, bases and indifferent)
Allotropy of carbon
Diamond
Allotropy of carbon
Allotropy of phosphorus
Sulfur allotropy. Crystalline, plastic and monoclinic
Allotropy of oxygen
Oxygen
Conclusion
MYSTERIES ABOUT NONMETALS
1. A guest from outer space came, he found shelter in the air.
2. We live above all in the house, together we give warmth and light.
3. It is called lifeless, but life is not created without it.
4.Beautiful in crystals and vapors, inspires fear in children.
5. They took out a piece from the mountain, pushed it into a wooden trunk.
6. Be proud of a nondescript non-combustible ember, and a transparent brother.
7. Calcined coal helped the fireman breathe.
8. White is afraid of the air, blushed to survive.
9. Although it turns many substances into poison, in chemistry it is worthy of all kinds of awards.
10. What gas claims that it is not it?
11. What chemical elements claim that other substances can give birth?
12. What is a non-metal forest?
So, let's test your knowledge of chemistry:
1. Hydrogen.
2. Hydrogen and helium.
5. Graphite in pencil.
6.Diamond, graphite.
7.Activated carbon.
8. White and red phosphorus.
11. Hydrogen, oxygen.
1.1 Biogenic elements - non-metals that are part of the human body
Among biogenic elements, a special place is occupied by organogenic elements that form the most important substances of the body - water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, hormones, and others. Organogens include 6 chemical elements: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur. Their total mass fraction in the human body is approximately 97.3% (see table 1).
All organogenic elements are non-metals. Among non-metals, chlorine (mass fraction 0.15%), fluorine, iodine and bromine are also biogenic. These elements are not included among the organogenic elements, since, unlike the latter, they do not play such a universal role in the construction of the organic structures of the body. There are data on the biogenicity of silicon, boron, arsenic, and selenium.
Table 1. The content of organogen elements in the human body.
Biogenic amines and alkaloids
Amines are an extensive class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds, products of substitution of one, two or three hydrogen atoms in ammonia NH3 for organic radicals R. According to the number of substituted hydrogen atoms, they distinguish: primary A. RNH2 ...
Biogenic elements in the human body
Nutrient elements include a number of metals, among which 10 so-called "metals of life" perform especially important biological functions. These metals are calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese...
buffer solutions
In the human body, as a result of various metabolic processes, large amounts of acidic products are constantly formed ...
Vitamin Q
Coenzyme Q is necessary for the normal functioning of living organisms and, above all, for the functioning of tissues with a high level of energy metabolism. The highest concentration of coenzyme Q is in the tissues of the heart muscle ...
Vitamins and their importance for the body
With a normal diet, the body's daily need for vitamins is fully satisfied. Insufficient...
Classification and properties of alloys
Many metals, such as magnesium, are produced in high purity so that the composition of the alloys made from it can be precisely known. The number of metal alloys used today is very large and is constantly growing ...
Colloidal systems in the body and their functions
1. Blood Blood is a typical example of body tissue, where some colloids are inside others. V.A. Isaev defines blood as a dispersed system in which the formed elements - erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes are a phase ...
Fundamentals of electrochemistry
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons from one atom or ion to another occurs, while chemical energy is converted into thermal energy. A galvanic cell is a device...
Fundamentals of electrochemistry
In a fuel cell, the chemical reaction of fuel combustion is directly converted into electrical energy, so its efficiency exceeds 80%. As in any chemical current source ...
Features of biochemical processes of energy supply of physical loads in athletics for 100 meters (10 seconds)
Processes take place in cells and factors act that limit or even stop free radical and peroxide reactions, i.e. have an antioxidant effect...
Prooxidant and antioxidant system
Protection from excess oxygen of biological structures, primarily the most vulnerable membrane formations, especially lipid (phospholipid) ones, was decided by creating specialized adaptations - antioxidant mechanisms ...
Solubility of sparingly soluble compounds
It has been experimentally established that precipitates are usually more soluble in an electrolyte solution than in water (provided, of course, that the electrolyte does not contain ions of the same name as the precipitate). In this case, the ionic strength of the solution will increase ...
Reducing sugars
Fructose. Fructose is less abundant than glucose and is also rapidly oxidized. Some fructose is converted to glucose in the liver, but it does not require insulin to be absorbed. By this circumstance...
Phospholipases, their classification and properties
Excessive activation of PLA2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cell damage. Released under the action of phospholipase, unsaturated fatty acids (arachidonic, pentanoic, etc.)
Chemical elements in the environment and in the composition of the human body
The human body consists of 60% water, 34% organic matter and 6% inorganic. The main components of organic substances are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, they also include nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur ...
- 1. The biological role of non-metals in human life
- 2. Non-metals are simple substances Typical non-metals include gases and liquids. Non-metals, unlike metals, conduct electric current much worse, differ significantly in physical and mechanical properties and in the temperature of transition to aggregate states.
- 3. Oxygen Oxygen is a part of all vital organic substances: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, etc. Numerous and extremely important life processes, such as respiration, oxidation of amino acids, fats, and carbohydrates, are impossible without oxygen. The usual oxygen content in the air (about 21%) creates the necessary partial pressure of oxygen, due to which the tissues through the lungs and blood are saturated with oxygen. Reducing the oxygen content in the air to 16-18% does not have a significant effect. With a decrease in oxygen content up to 14%, signs of oxygen deficiency appear, and a decrease to 9% is very life-threatening.
- 4. Ozone Ozone is highly toxic to humans. In addition, it is extremely explosive even in low concentrations. The toxicity of ozone is aggravated by the fact that there is an addiction to the smell of ozone. The disinfecting effect of ozone is associated with the intense formation of superoxide radicals, which quickly destroy cell membranes. The action of ozone is very effective in disinfecting water.
- 5. Hydrogen Water is the most important hydrogen compound in a living organism. The main functions of water are as follows: -Water, which has a high heat capacity, maintains a constant body temperature. -Water is an important environment of the body. -Water maintains the acid-base balance in the body. An important hydrogen compound is hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide oxidizes the lipid layer of cell membranes, destroying it. When treating small wounds with a 3% peroxide solution, oxygen is released, and a foam is formed, due to which tissue decay particles are washed out of the wound. Hydrogen peroxide also has a hemostatic effect for minor bleeding.
- 6. Phosphorus Phosphorus is part of the animal skeleton, teeth, proteins, nucleic acids, nucleotides, and other biologically active compounds. Phosphate buffer system - the main buffer system of blood plasma, sugars and animal acids can be used by the body only after phosphorylation. Burns with burning phosphorus are extremely dangerous, because. the oxide formed during combustion causes a burn primarily due to the large amount of heat released during the reaction of the oxide with moisture on the skin. The resulting phosphoric acid penetrates deep into the connective tissue and causes edema due to a large rush of interstitial fluid.
- 7. Silicon Silicon refers to impurity elements: its content in the body is not so high - only 0.001%. Silicon is found in the liver, adrenal glands, hair and the lens of the eye. Since silicon oxide is insoluble in water, silicon enters the human body through inhaled dusty oxide. With its increased content in dust, silicosis occurs - a serious lung disease.
