Composts: types, components, preparation. Components, phases and structural components of iron-carbon alloys Exemption from bad habits
Topic 17. Basic rules for constructing a text.
Plan
I Consideration of theoretical questions.
1. Text as a holistic speech work.
2. Scheme of construction of the text. Constituent components.
3. Rules for constructing a text. Means of interphrase communication.
II Practical tasks for independent work.
Text as a holistic speech work.
So, the text is a holistic speech work that has its own beginning, the structure of the unfolding of thought and the end as its completion. This is a complex communicative unity of the content side and indicators of its organization.
Integrity as a property of the text implies that a given unit has a single theme of narration. This theme can be formulated as a title. It is extremely difficult to come up with a title for the text, because, on the one hand, it must reflect the content of the entire text, and on the other hand, be perceived by the addressee of the speech, understandable to him.
Let's take a school essay as an example:
We live in a big house on the fifth floor. We have two rooms and a kitchen. My grandmother and I live in a large room. Grandma was a doctor. She worked in Rostov. And then she moved in with us. Now she is sick. Mom is even afraid that she should be taken to the hospital. She'll be better looked after there. And we won't worry if something happens to her. After all, I'm at school all the time, and my mom and dad are at work. Mom and dad live in the bedroom. And in the kitchen we eat and drink tea.
If we consider this obviously unsuccessful work as a whole from the point of view of the relationship between the text and the title, then we can state a certain discrepancy. The text is mainly about the student's grandmother, while the title orients us to the description of the house in which this family lives.
Probably, everyone has come across this kind of teacher's remarks on the text of their own compositions. So, a frequent error is a retelling of a work of fiction, while the title orients the author to the analysis of the text, images of characters, etc.
The text must necessarily have a composition, must be built according to a certain plan, which usually has a three-part structure - a beginning, a middle part (unfolding a thought) and an ending.
Zachin directly prepares the reader, the listener for the perception of the main content of the text. It sets out the theme of the story. In the middle part, this theme is developed. The ending sums up the theme.
Each of the three components of the composition has its own characteristics and is expressed by special linguistic means. There are certain forms of expressing the beginning of a thought, the transition from one thought to another, the completion of a topic. They are most stable in the beginning and ending.
For example, remember the traditional beginnings and endings of Russian fairy tales: beginnings - once upon a time; ending - they began to live to live and make good.
The function of the beginning and ending in school essays is usually performed by such mandatory components as the introduction and conclusion. And again, one of the main mistakes of school essays is either the lack of beginnings and endings (lack of introduction and conclusion), or the lack of connection between these composition elements and the main content of the text.
For example, the theme of the essay is formulated as “The image of the author in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin", and the introduction contains an overly detailed retelling of the entire life and work of the poet. The conclusion, that is, the conclusions of the author of the essay on the content of his own reasoning, are generally absent. If we consider the above essay from this point of view, we can see that there is a “hint” to the beginnings in it: We live in a big house on the fifth floor. At the same time, the conclusion, that is, the ending, is completely absent in this text.
The unfolding of thought is also built according to a certain logical scheme, which includes a thesis (the main idea that the author wants to convey to the reader, listener) and arguments (evidence, examples, illustrations that confirm the author's thesis).
In general, the construction of the text can be represented as a diagram:
Text construction scheme. Constituent components.
The core is the main idea that permeates the entire text and logically combines all its components into one whole. Each of the sides of this scheme is the elements of the text. The author can develop this idea, significantly expanding the narrative. The larger the text, the more the narration can “leave to the side”, but the main idea (core) must be preserved under all conditions, a return to the core is mandatory.
For example, the text of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (originally the name of the epic by L.N. Tolstoy was written as follows - "War and Peace", where the world meant "all people, the whole world, the human race") also contains the main idea, the core reflected in the title : war and people, man, humanity. Each of the chapters is devoted to a more specific topic, but it is somehow connected with the main idea of the epic novel.
Within a text, especially a large and complex one, one can single out its constituent components - complex syntactic wholes, or superphrasal units (in a large text, these are chapters, paragraphs, etc.). This is a group of sentences that reveals the micro-theme of the text and, in turn, has a beginning, thought development and ending. Within one complex syntactic whole (superphrasal unity), each following sentence, as it were, answers the question that arises when reading the previous sentence. The inability to ask a question to the next sentence means the completion of a complex syntactic whole.
As an example, let's take one paragraph from A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
The unexpected news shocked me greatly. The commandant of the Lower Lake Fortress, a quiet and modest young man, was familiar to me: two months before that, he had traveled from Orenburg with his young wife and stayed with Ivan Kuzmich. The Lower Lake Fortress was twenty-five versts from our fortress. From hour to hour we should have expected Pugachev's attack. The fate of Marya Ivanovna vividly presented itself to me, and my heart sank.
After reading the first sentence: The unexpected news struck me greatly - one can ask the question: Why did this news strike me? As if the answer to this question would be the following two phrases: The commandant of the Lower Lake Fortress, a quiet and modest young man, was familiar to me: two months before that he had traveled from Orenburg with his young wife and stayed with Ivan Kuzmich. The Lower Lake Fortress was twenty-five versts from our fortress. The next question to ask is: What conclusion follows from this? The answer is in the fourth sentence: From hour to hour we should have expected Pugachev's attack. Then you can ask the question: What in such a situation seems to me especially dangerous? Answer: The fate of Marya Ivanovna vividly presented itself to me, and my heart sank.
It is easy to see that this passage from A.S. Pushkin is not perceived as an absolutely finished text. The first sentence of the paragraph clearly contains a reference to the previous narrative (unexpected news). The last sentence of the paragraph also makes it possible to continue the story. This is what ensures the connection of complex syntactic integers into a single macrotext.
However, the completeness of this text can be easily traced by reading the passage following the last sentence:
“Listen, Ivan Kuzmich! I said to the commandant. – Our duty is to defend the fortress until our last breath; there is nothing to say about it. But we need to think about the safety of women. Send them to Orenburg, if the road is still clear, or to a remote, more reliable fortress, where the villains would not have time to reach.
On the one hand, this microtext contains thoughts that are directly related to the previous microtext, but the content of the new microtext is not an answer to questions that could be put to the last sentence of the previous microtext (Marya Ivanovna's fate vividly presented itself to me, and my heart sank .) What exactly was introduced? Why did the heart stop?
It should be remembered that all questions that can be asked within a complex syntactic whole must be essential for the development of the text. If they are purely associative in nature, then the text is broken. It will lack the development of thought. This is easy to follow on the example of the above essay "My House". On the whole, in bad compositions there are no microthemes, no complex syntactic wholes. There is only a set of individual sentences, at best related only by association.
Can't get yourself out of bed in the morning and tear your head off the pillow? Did you find yourself lacking energy during the day? Or maybe you caught a cold for the third time in a year (or even more)? Undermined immunity, chronic fatigue syndrome, shabby appearance - it seems it's time to move on to the bright side of a healthy lifestyle. Withered beauty and excess weight are not the only manifestations of a wrong attitude to health. But it’s good that everything is fixable: you can still pull yourself together and pay due attention to your well-being. The key to solving problems will be a great and (not) terrible healthy lifestyle. Let's look at what a healthy lifestyle is and its components.
“The best motive to change yourself is not the fear of death, but the joy that you live!” American cardiologist Dean Ornish, author of Love and Survival.
healthy lifestyle- he is healthy lifestyle- is gaining more and more popularity among modern people. The definition of this term says that a healthy lifestyle is “a concept of human life, aimed at improving and maintaining health through appropriate nutrition, physical fitness, morale and the rejection of bad habits” (“Healthy family - healthy children”, edited by M.I. . Baishev).
The main components of a healthy lifestyle are shown in the figure:
Everything is extremely simple:
- spiritual harmony,
- complete sleep,
- proper nutrition,
- no bad habits
- regular sports.
Life without unnecessary stress
Beauty and psychological stress are incompatible concepts. It is not in vain that the main components of a healthy lifestyle begin precisely with the achievement of spiritual harmony. Mental health affects the quality of life in general.
Not all stress is equally harmful. Roller coaster rides, watching a thriller movie, stepping out of your comfort zone are beneficial stressors that trigger the release of the hormone oxytocin and boost our social intelligence. But when there is too much overvoltage (work rush at work,) we are already talking about uncontrolled stress, which can lead to pathological changes in behavior and health.
Remember that it is always easier to prevent than to deal with the consequences. Boss arrogance? Colleagues gossiping behind your back? Enough tolerating this. Even if to stop such things you need to change jobs. Together with the change of the team, apathy, depression and fatigue will go away.
True, it is not always easy to get rid of the source of stress. Sometimes it haunts us on a daily basis and is a part of life that cannot be avoided: traffic jams, university exams. Here are some effective ways to deal with stress that can help:
- breathing exercises (deep breath, holding the breath for 5 seconds and slow exhalation, repeat at least 10 times);
- loosely brewed leafy green tea;
- hugs of a loved one;
- a slow walk in the fresh air;
- measured chewing gum.
It is useful to meditate periodically - to completely free your head from annoying thoughts and relax, trying to achieve nirvana.
Sleep is life-giving
The main elements of a healthy lifestyle include the right mode. The state of health and mood during wakefulness depends on the quality and quantity of sleep. During sleep, many beneficial processes take place:
- restoration of body strength;
- regeneration of organs and body systems for productive work;
- processing of the information received during the day and its memorization;
- restoration of the body's immunity;
- support for a healthy psycho-emotional state.
There are rules for healthy sleep.
1) Before going to bed, it is advisable to ventilate the room so that the air is fresh and slightly cool. Lower temperature improves metabolism in the body.
2) It is better to stick to the regimen and go to bed at the same time, preferably before 23:00 at night.
3) Do not eat before bed. The last meal should be about 3 hours before going to bed.
4) It is advisable not to go over all the events of the past day before going to bed, especially the negative ones. It excites the nervous system and does not allow you to fall asleep. For the same reason, you should stop using gadgets (phones, tablets and laptops) in bed.
5) Do not drink coffee in the afternoon, so that caffeine does not prevent you from falling asleep soundly and without problems at the right time.
6) The bedroom should be as dark as possible. Thick curtains that do not let in street light will help with this.
Nutrition system - a competent diet
Helps reduce the risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, and various cardiovascular diseases.
The basic concepts of proper nutrition include:
1) Moderation and balance
The number of calories received with food should not exceed the daily allowance. At the same time, nutrition should be varied and include all the substances and elements necessary for the body.
2) Fat reduction
Preference should be given to unsaturated fats: vegetable oils, avocados, nuts, fatty fish.
3) Increasing the proportion of fiber
It is full of vegetables, herbs and fruits. In addition, plant foods are rich in vitamins, minerals and amino acids.
4) Replacing simple carbohydrates with complex ones
Give up sugar and all the dishes in which it is included. This is especially true for sugary drinks such as juice and soda. They increase the content without carrying almost any nutritional value, which can threaten a heart attack, stroke or diabetes.
It will be more useful to eat a couple of whole-grain toasts for breakfast, and for lunch, cook a serving of durum wheat pasta or a plate of boiled brown rice.
5) Refusal of salt
Excess salt increases the load on the kidneys and heart due to the fact that it retains excess fluid in the body. It is better to completely abandon the "white powder of death", using spices, seasonings or soy sauce in ready-made dishes. But if such a refusal is too difficult for you, at least reduce the amount of salt. Remember that it is found in all prepared dishes: bread, sauces, cheese, etc.
6) Refusal of junk food (chips, crackers, sausages, smoked meats, etc.)
It contains too much nitrite and salt. WHO has calculated that if you eat about 50 grams of processed meat products daily, the risk of rectal cancer increases by 18%.
Take a close look at this diagram, which clearly reflects the ideal percentage of products in the right diet. Take a look and remember.
Breaking Bad Habits
Rejection of bad habits is also included in the main components of a healthy lifestyle. Addictions usually mean alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction. However, recently the list has been significantly replenished with gambling addiction, addiction to social networks, craving for online reality.
If you feel the strength to cope with such addictions on your own, gather all the will into a fist and go for it. Remember that the true path to real change is in the realm of emotions: the way we want to change our lives should help us feel our lives fuller and more joyfully. So that under changed conditions we get more pleasure than leaving everything as it was. It will be useful to acquire new habits that will replace the old ones: hardening, walking, gaining new knowledge.
Spent evenings at the bar for round beers? Learn to cycle around the city. So you will not only put your figure in order, but also spend time outdoors, discover many interesting corners, and perhaps make new pleasant acquaintances.
In the case when bad habits are so woven into your life that there is no way to cope with them on your own, contact specialized doctors who will help you overcome addiction and return you the ability to enjoy life without additional harmful incentives.
Sport is life
The main elements of a healthy lifestyle are inconceivable without exercise. Beauty and sport are inseparable. A beautiful healthy body is an athletic body. Among other things, even such activities as walking and cycling have a beneficial effect on the brain, supplying its cells with oxygen. That is why one of the important points of a healthy lifestyle is physical activity.
Fitness helps you focus on tasks and avoid information overload during the day.
The ideal option would be to follow the regimen and do light exercises every morning and do three full workouts a week. But if you do not have time, then regular walks or 15-minute workouts daily are a great help in sports. Any exercise will only benefit, especially if you perform them in the fresh air.
A healthy lifestyle and its components should tightly enter your life, so that over the years your health will only improve, life will play with all colors, and old age will not come for a long, long time. The basic concepts of healthy lifestyle are so simple that anyone can master them. It remains only to decide to allow yourself to live healthy.
STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
"Institute of civil protection and fire safety of the Udmurt Republic"
in electrical engineering
"How Consumer Electronics Works"
I've done the work
Student of the ZChS group
Checked:
__________________
Izhevsk - 2010
The system unit is the most important unit of the computer. All other blocks, called external or peripheral devices, are connected to it. The system unit contains the main electronic components of the computer. A PC is built on the basis of VLSI (very large-scale integrated circuits), and almost all of them are located inside the system unit, on special boards (a board is a plastic plate on which electronic components are fixed and interconnected - VLSIs, microcircuits, etc.). The most important board in a computer is the motherboard. It contains the central processor, coprocessor, random access memory - RAM and connectors for connecting controller boards of external devices.
A computer power supply is a secondary power source designed to supply computer components with DC electrical energy. Its task is to convert the mains voltage to the specified values, their stabilization and protection against minor interference of the supply voltage. Also, being equipped with a fan, it is involved in cooling the system unit.
The main parameter of a computer power supply is the maximum power delivered to the load. Currently, there are power supplies with manufacturer-declared power from 50 (embedded platforms of small form factors) to 1600 watts.
The computer power supply for today's PC platform provides output voltages of ±5 ±12 +3.3 Volts. In most cases, a switching power supply is used. Most computer microcircuits have a supply voltage of 5 volts (and lower), 12 volts is used to power more powerful consumers - (processor, video card, hard drives, optical drives, fans) in order to achieve a lower voltage drop on the supply wires, as well as sound cards. -12 Volts are required to fully implement the RS-232 serial interface standard.
All of the above applies to the most common ATX standard power supplies today, which began to be used at the time of Intel Pentium processors. Previously (starting from IBMPC/AT computers to platforms based on processors up to Socket 370/SECC-2 inclusive), AT standard power supplies were used on the PC platform. There were motherboards with Socket 7 and Socket 370 processor sockets that supported both AT and ATX power supplies (the so-called dual-standard boards).
A widely used switching power supply circuit consists of the following parts:
An input filter designed to prevent the propagation of impulse noise in the mains
Input rectifier that converts AC voltage to pulsating
Filter that smoothes the ripple of the rectified voltage
Breaker (usually a powerful transistor operating in key mode)
Breaker control circuits (pulse generator, pulse-width modulator)
A pulse transformer, which serves as an energy storage device for a pulse converter, forming several voltage ratings, as well as for galvanic isolation of circuits (input from output, and also, if necessary, output from each other)
output rectifier
Output filters that smooth out high-frequency ripples and impulse noise.
The advantages of such a power supply:
Can achieve a high stabilization factor
High efficiency. The main losses are due to transient processes, which last much less time than the steady state.
Small dimensions and weight, due to both less heat generation on the regulating element, and smaller dimensions of the transformer, due to the fact that the latter operates at a higher frequency.
Less metal consumption, due to which powerful switching power supplies are cheaper than transformer ones, despite the greater complexity
Possibility of inclusion in the network of a wide range of voltages and frequencies, or even direct current. Thanks to this, it is possible to unify the equipment produced for various countries of the world, and hence reduce its cost in mass production.
Types of connectors for power consumers:
The main connector for powering the motherboard - old, two-piece, for AT format, new 20 (24)-pin for ATX format,
ATX12V (also referred to as P4 power connector) - an auxiliary connector for powering the processor,
EPS12V - 8-pin auxiliary connector for powering the motherboard and processor,
4-pin Molex connectors for powering various devices with an outdated interface installed inside the system unit: hard drives, optical drives, some video cards),
15-pin SATA power connectors,
6-pin connectors for powering PCI Express x16 video cards,
8-pin connectors for powering PCI Express x16 video cards.
ATX standard
The 20-pin connector was used with the first ATX form factor motherboards and, roughly, before the advent of motherboards with a PCI-Express bus.
The version 2.0 (24-pin) standard was created to support motherboards with a PCI Express bus [source not specified 34 days]. Most motherboards running ATX12V 2.0 also support ATX v1.x power supplies (4 pins remain unused).
The requirements for + 5VSB have also been increased - now the PSU must deliver a current of at least 2 A, due to output power skew: before the main channel was +5 V, now the requirements for a minimum current of +12 V were dictated. The requirements were due to a further increase in the power of components (mainly , video cards), whose requirements could not be met by +5 V lines due to very high currents in this line[
Motherboard - the main part of any computer system is the motherboard with the main processor and microcircuits supporting it. Functionally, the motherboard can be described in various ways. Sometimes such a board contains the entire computer circuit (single-board). In contrast to single-board computers, in bus-oriented computers, the motherboard implements a minimal configuration scheme, other functions are implemented using numerous additional boards. All components are bus connected. The motherboard does not have a video adapter, some types of memory, and means of communication with additional devices. These devices (expansion boards) are added to the system board by attaching to the expansion bus, which is part of the system board.
The first motherboard was developed by IBM and shown in August 1981 (PC-1). In 1983, a computer with an enlarged motherboard (PC-2) appeared. The maximum that the PC-1 could support without the use of expansion cards was 64K of memory. The PC-2 was already 256K, but the most important difference was in the programming of the two boards. The PC-1 motherboard could not support the most powerful expansion devices such as hard drives and advanced video adapters without adjustment.
The motherboard is a complex of various devices supporting the operation of the system as a whole. Mandatory attributes of the motherboard are the base processor, RAM, system BIOS, keyboard controller, expansion slots.
The motherboard inside the computer is the main mounting piece to which the rest of the components are attached.
During normal operation, the motherboard is not remembered until it is necessary to improve the computer. Usually they want to put in a faster processor, which leads to a replacement motherboard. You can't, for example, replace an old PentiumMMX with a PentiumIII without a new motherboard.
By the appearance of the motherboard, you can determine what kind of processor, memory, and additional devices are needed that are inserted into the external ports and sockets of the computer.
By size, motherboards can generally be divided into three groups. Previously, all motherboards were 8.5/11 inches. In the XT, the dimensions increased by 1 inch; in the AT, the dimensions increased even more. Often we can talk about "green" boards (greenmotherboard). Now only such boards are issued. These motherboards allow you to implement several economical power consumption modes (including the so-called “sleep”, which turns off power from computer components that are not currently working).
The American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has focused on reducing the power consumption of computer systems. Equipment that meets its (EPA) requirements must, on average (in idle mode), consume no more than 30 watts, use no toxic materials and allow 100% recycling. Since modern microprocessors use a supply voltage of 3.3-4V, and 5V is supplied to the board, voltage converters are mounted on system boards.
The frequency of the processor, system bus and peripheral device buses.
Biocenosis- this is a collection of animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms that inhabit a certain area of \u200b\u200bland or water area, they are interconnected and with the environment. Biocenosis is a dynamic system capable of self-regulation, the components (producers, consumers, decomposers) of which are interconnected. One of the main objects of ecology research. A biocenosis is a historically established grouping of plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms inhabiting a relatively homogeneous living space (a piece of land or a reservoir). The most important quantitative indicators of biocenoses are biodiversity (the total number of species in a biocenosis) and biomass (the total mass of all types of living organisms in a given biocenosis).
Types of biocenosis structures: species, spatial (vertical (tiered) and horizontal (mosaic) organization of the biocenosis) and trophic.
Biocenosis components:
Producers
Consumers -
decomposers
Question 17. Types of ecosystem structures.
Producers- organisms capable of synthesizing organic substances from inorganic (in the forest, for example, trees, shrubs)
Consumers - organisms that consume ready-made organic substances created by producers. Unlike decomposers, consumers are not able to decompose organic substances into inorganic ones. (bacteria)
decomposers- microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) that destroy the dead remains of living beings, turning them into inorganic compounds and the simplest organic compounds.
Question 18. The concept of a food chain. Types of food chains. Examples.
food chain- rows of species of plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms that are related to each other by relationships: food - consumer.
For example, an animal eats a plant.
Question 19.
Question 20. List the types of ecological pyramids. Examples.
The basis of ecological pyramids is the first trophic level (the level of producers), and subsequent levels form the floors and top of the pyramid. Ecological pyramids can be classified into three main types:
1) pyramids of numbers, reflecting the number of organisms at each trophic level;
2) biomass pyramids, characterizing the total mass of living matter at each trophic level;
3) energy pyramids, showing the amount of energy flow or productivity at successive trophic levels.
Two examples of population pyramids are shown in fig. 12.3, where the length of the rectangle is proportional to the number of organisms at a given trophic level. The shapes of population pyramids vary greatly for different communities, depending on the size of their constituent organisms (Fig. 12.3).
The biomass pyramids take into account the total mass of organisms (biomass) of each trophic level, i.e., the quantitative ratios of biomass in the community are shown (Fig. 12.4). The numbers indicate the amount of biomass in grams of dry matter per 1 m 2 .
In the energy pyramid (Fig. 12.5), where the numbers indicate the amount of energy (kJ / m 2 per year), the size of the rectangles is proportional to the energy equivalent, that is, the amount of energy (per unit area or volume) that has passed through a certain trophic level for a specific period.
Under quality services, a service product is understood as a complex of their useful properties, regulatory and technological characteristics of service, thanks to which social and individual needs are satisfied at the level of established requirements, comparable both with national traditions and with world standards. The useful properties of a service are those objective characteristics that appear when it is consumed, meet the needs and needs of consumers, as well as state and regulatory legal criteria.
Thus, the understanding of quality includes an economic component + is based on the regulatory framework. Quality has a different degree of severity (high, medium, low) depending on the cost that the consumer agrees to. Quality issue as an economic category arose along with the development of social production, with the beginning of the generation of services as a response to the daily needs of people.
Today, all manufacturers in the world are concerned about the problem of improving the quality of production, including the production of services. A positive result of improving the quality of service products is important for all participants and parties.
The main thing is that the quality of the service increases its competitiveness in the market.
However, quality indicators, as well as problems associated with the production of quality products, are specific to each industry, including the tourism industry.
At the moment, the concept of quality as a category is normalized and defined by standards.
Self-control and departmental control, state control.
1. standardization
2. certification
3. licensing
According to the definition International Organization for Standardization (ISO) quality is a set of properties and characteristics of a product that give it the ability to satisfy conditional or implied needs. There is also a definition of product quality given in GOST 15467-79, according to which " product quality- a set of product properties that determine its suitability to satisfy certain needs in accordance with its purpose.
Object of standardization- products, services and processes that are repeatedly reproduced and / or used. It is the standard that, in fact, defines the conditions and methods that provide quality indicators.
Management of standardization activities at the state level in Russia is carried out by Gosstandart of Russia.
In tourism, it is difficult to investigate the quality of a product without first finding out the content of the tourist service. Usually, here the act of sale and purchase does not correspond in time and place to the production of paid services, which means that the sale of some of them is carried out by some tourist enterprises, and the production and provision of them by others. Schematically speaking, the process under consideration is a triune one, including services for the sale and purchase of a complex of services, travel and stay in tourist destinations. In an organized tourist trip, the lack of one of the above components violates the unity of the process, and then one cannot speak of tourist services as a complex. Travel is impossible without buying and selling, and staying at points of interest to tourists is impossible without travel. The quality of tourist service depends on the work of teams involved in the three stages of the tourist process. Thus, tourist services simultaneously cover activities in the production, supply and sale of services and goods.
